Innate sensors recognize pathogen‐associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) or damage‐associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) to initiate innate immune response by activating downstream signaling. These evolutionarily conserved innate sensors usually locate in the plasma membrane or cytoplasm. However, the nucleus‐localized innate sensors are recently found to detect pathogenic nucleic acids for initiating innate response, demonstrating a complicated crosstalk with cytoplasmic sensors and signaling molecules to form an elaborate tiered innate signaling network between nucleus and cytoplasm. Furthermore, these nuclear innate sensors evolve varied mechanisms for discriminating self from non‐self nucleic acids to maintain immune homeostasis and avoid autoinflammatory immune response. In this review, we summarize the recent findings on the identification of nuclear innate sensors for nucleic acids, such as hnRNPA2B1, IFI16, SAFA, and their roles in host defense and inflammatory response.

中文翻译：

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免疫和炎症中核酸的核先天传感器。

先天传感器识别病原体相关分子模式（PAMP）或损伤相关分子模式（DAMP），通过激活下游信号来启动先天免疫反应。这些进化上保守的先天传感器通常位于质膜或细胞质中。然而，最近发现细胞核定位的先天传感器可以检测致病核酸以启动先天反应，证明了与细胞质传感器和信号分子的复杂串扰，以在细胞核和细胞质之间形成一个复杂的分层先天信号网络。此外，这些核先天传感器进化出多种机制来区分自我和非自我核酸，以维持免疫稳态并避免自身炎症免疫反应。在这次审查中，