The Eastern Mediterranean captures the east‐west transition from active subduction of Earth's oldest oceanic lithosphere to continental collision, making it an ideal location to study terminal‐stage subduction. Asthenospheric‐ or subduction‐related processes are the main candidates for the region's ∼2 km uplift and Miocene volcanism; however, their relative importance is debated. To address these issues, we present new P and S wave relative arrival‐time tomographic models that reveal fast anomalies associated with an intact Aegean slab in the west, progressing to a fragmented, partially continental, Cyprean slab below central Anatolia. We resolve a gap between the Aegean and Cyprean slabs, and a horizontal tear in the Cyprean slab below the Central Anatolian Volcanic Province. Below eastern Anatolia, the completely detached “Bitlis” slab is characterized by fast wave speeds at ∼500 km depth. Assuming slab sinking rates mirror Arabia‐Anatolia convergence rates, the Bitlis slab's location indicates an Oligocene (∼26 Ma) break‐off. Results further reveal a strong velocity contrast across the North Anatolian Fault likely representing a 40–60 km decrease in lithospheric thickness from the Precambrian lithosphere north of the fault to a thinned Anatolian lithosphere in the south. Slow uppermost‐mantle wave speeds below active volcanoes in eastern Anatolia, and ratios of P to S wave relative traveltimes, indicate a thin lithosphere and melt contributions. Positive central and eastern Anatolian residual topography requires additional support from hot/buoyant asthenosphere to maintain the 1–2 km elevation in addition to an almost absent lithospheric mantle. Small‐scale fast velocity structures in the shallow mantle above the Bitlis slab may therefore be drips of Anatolian lithospheric mantle.

中文翻译：

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东地中海地幔的地震层析成像：对终端俯冲，安那托利亚隆升和北安那托利亚断层发育的影响

东地中海捕获了从地球上最古老的海洋岩石圈的活跃俯冲到大陆碰撞的东西向过渡，这使其成为研究末期俯冲的理想地点。Asthenospheric-或俯冲相关处理是用于该区域的主候选〜 2公里隆起和新统火山; 但是，它们的相对重要性尚有争议。为了解决这些问题，我们提出了新的P和S波浪相对到达时间层析成像模型揭示了与西部完整的爱琴海板块有关的快速异常，并发展为安纳托利亚中部以下的零碎，部分大陆的赛普拉斯板块。我们解决了爱琴海和Cyprean板之间的缝隙，以及安纳托利亚中部火山省以下Cyprean板的水平撕裂问题。在安纳托利亚东部以下，完全分离的“ Bitlis”平板的特征是在约500 km处波速很快。假设板下沉率与阿拉伯-安那托利亚的收敛速度成正比，则Bitlis板的位置表示渐新世（〜26 Ma）折断。结果进一步揭示了整个北安那托利亚断层的强烈反差，这可能意味着从断层以北的前寒武纪岩石圈到南部的安那托利亚岩石圈变薄，岩石圈厚度减少了40-60 km。在安纳托利亚东部活火山以下，上地幔的慢波速度以及P波与S波的相对传播时间之比表明岩石圈稀薄且融化作用明显。正的安纳托利亚中部和东部残余地形要得到热/浮力软流圈的额外支持，以维持1-2 km的海拔，此外岩石圈地幔几乎不存在。因此，Bitlis板块上方浅地幔中的小规模快速结构可能是安纳托利亚岩石圈地幔的滴水。