Cellular activity is defined by the precise spatiotemporal regulation of various components, such as ions, small molecules, or proteins. Studying cell physiology consequently requires the optical recording of these processes, notably by using fluorescent biosensors. The recent development of various fluorogenic systems greatly expanded the palette of reporters to be included in these sensors design. Fluorogenic reporters consist of a protein or RNA tag that can complex either an endogenous or a synthetic fluorogenic dye (so‐called fluorogen). The intrinsic nature of these tags, along with the high tunability of their cognate chromophore provide interesting features such as far‐red to near‐infrared emission, oxygen independence, or unprecedented color versatility. These engineered photoreceptors, self‐labelling proteins, or noncovalent aptamers and protein tags were rapidly identified as promising reporters to observe biological events. This Minireview focuses on the new perspectives they offer to design unique and innovative biosensors, thus pushing the boundaries of cellular imaging.

中文翻译：

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启发细胞生物化学：用于生物成像的荧光化学生物传感器。

细胞活性是通过各种成分（例如离子，小分子或蛋白质）的精确时空调节来定义的。因此，研究细胞生理学需要光学记录这些过程，特别是通过使用荧光生物传感器。各种荧光系统的最新发展极大地扩大了报道者的面貌，使其包括在这些传感器设计中。荧光报告基因由可以复合内源性或合成荧光染料（所谓的荧光）的蛋白质或RNA标签组成。这些标签的固有性质以及其同源发色团的高度可调性提供了有趣的功能，例如从远红外到近红外发射，氧独立性或前所未有的颜色通用性。这些经过改造的感光器，自标记蛋白，或非共价适体和蛋白质标签被迅速鉴定为观察生物学事件的有希望的报道者。这份Minireview重点介绍了他们为设计独特和创新的生物传感器提供的新视角，从而突破了细胞成像的边界。