This study investigates the effect of physicochemical conditions on the partial nitritation and anammox treatment by immobilized ammonia oxidizers under ammonium-deplete conditions. The impact of oxygen and temperature was studied by measuring the activity of immobilized aerobic and anaerobic ammonia-oxidizing organisms (Ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and archaea (AOA), and Anammox bacteria) embedded in polyvinyl alcohol – sodium alginate (PVA-SA) beads and in thin layer poly-ethylene glycol hydrogels. Beads and flat hydrogels were incubated in a fluidized bed reactor (FBR) and in two flow cells, respectively. Both systems were fed with synthetic wastewater (15 mg N–NH₄⁺/L) at different temperatures (20 °C and/or 30 °C) and different dissolved oxygen (DO) concentrations (0.1, 0.3, 0.5 and/or 1 mg/L) over 152 and 207 days, respectively. The FBR system had a maximum removal rate of 1.7 g-N/m³/d at 0.1 mg O₂/L, corresponding to 80% removal efficiency, while a high aerobic ammonia-oxidizing activity but a partial oxygen inhibition of Anammox bacteria were observed at higher DO concentrations. In both flow cells, nitrogen removal efficiency was highest (80%) at 30 °C and 1 mg O₂/L while removal was less favorable at lower DO and lower temperature. Our results indicate a potential use of hydrogel beads for an energy efficient technology with reduced aeration demand for treating low ammonia wastewater, while layered hydrogels are a possible first step for biological treatments of wastewater using tangential flow. In addition, we provide blueprint drawings of the flow cells, which may be used to 3D-print the apparatus for other applications.

本研究探讨了在铵缺乏条件下，固定化氨氧化剂对部分亚硝化和厌氧氨氧化处理的理化条件的影响。通过测量固定在聚乙烯醇-海藻酸钠（PVA-SA）中的固定的需氧和厌氧氨氧化生物（氨氧化细菌（AOB）和古细菌（AOA）以及厌氧氨氧化细菌）的活性，研究了氧气和温度的影响。 ）珠和薄层聚乙二醇水凝胶。珠子和扁平水凝胶分别在流化床反应器（FBR）和两个流通池中孵育。两种系统都注入了合成废水（15 mg N–NH ₄ ⁺/ L）分别在152天和207天中在不同温度（20°C和/或30°C）和不同溶解氧（DO）浓度（0.1、0.3、0.5和/或1 mg / L）下进行。FBR系统在0.1 mg O ₂ / L时的最大去除速率为1.7 gN / m ³ / d ，对应于80％的去除效率，而高温厌氧菌具有较高的需氧氨氧化活性和部分氧气抑制作用。溶解氧浓度更高。在两个流通池中，在30°C和1 mg O _2时，脱氮效率最高（80％）。/ L，而在较低的DO和较低的温度下去除效果较差。我们的结果表明，水凝胶微珠可能用于减少能耗的低能耗废水处理的节能技术，而层状水凝胶则是切向流生物处理废水的第一步。此外，我们提供了流通池的蓝图，可用于对设备进行3D打印以用于其他应用。