The energy and cost saving of flat plate collector using Al₂O₃/water nanofluids and with wire coil with core rod inserts were studied experimentally. The experiments were conducted for various particle loadings of nanofluid (0.1%, 0.2% and 0.3%) and nanofluid with various p/d values of wire coil with core-rod inserts (p/d = 1.79, 2.54 and 3.24). The potential increase of collector efficiency is converted into useful size reduction, weight reduction, cost, and energy saving of the collector. With the use of nanofluids in the collector its efficiency is enhanced. The maximum collector efficiency is 37.73% for particle loading of 0.3% in the collector at a flow rate of 300 lit/hr in validation with water collector. By providing wire coil with core-rod inserts, p/d value of 1.79 with 0.3% particle loading of nanofluid, the collector efficiency is further incremented to 64.15% at a flow rate of 300 lit/hr. Meanwhile, at the same experimental conditions, using 0.3% nanofluid, a maximum reduction in the collector area is 27.66%, and it is reduced to 39.33% for nanofluid of 0.3% with p/d of 1.79 insert. The original cost of the water collector is 223.88$, which is reduced to 161.94$ for 0.3% nanofluid and further reduced to 135.82$ for 0.3% nanofluid with p/d of 1.79 insert. Simultaneously, the embodied energy of materials used in the collector is reduced by using nanofluids and inserts in the collector. Besides, the heat transfer and friction factor are also evaluated, and the data is fitted.

使用Al ₂ O _3的平板集热器的节能和成本节约/水纳米流体以及带有芯棒插入物的线圈。对纳米流体（0.1％，0.2％和0.3％）和纳米流体的各种粒子负载进行了实验，纳米粒子的芯棒插入物的线圈的p / d值分别为p / d（p / d = 1.79、2.54和3.24）。收集器效率的潜在提高被转化为有用的尺寸减小，重量减轻，成本降低以及收集器节能。通过在收集器中使用纳米流体，其效率得以提高。在以水收集器验证的情况下，以300升/小时的流量收集器中0.3％的颗粒装载量时，最大收集器效率为37.73％。通过为线圈提供芯棒插入物，p / d值为1.79，纳米流体的颗粒载量为0.3％，收集器效率在300升/小时的流速下进一步提高到64.15％。同时，在相同的实验条件下，使用0.3％的纳米流体，集电极面积的最大减少为27.66％，对于0.3％的纳米流体（插入物的p / d为1.79），其捕集面积减少至39.33％。集水器的原始成本为223.88美元，对于0.3％纳米流体，其成本降​​低至161.94美元，对于0.3％纳米流体，其部件成本为1.79，进一步降低至135.82美元。同时，通过在收集器中使用纳米流体和插入物，减少了收集器中使用的材料的内在能量。此外，还评估了传热和摩擦系数，并拟合了数据。对于0.3％纳米流体，它降低到161.94 $，对于0.3％纳米流体，它进一步降低到135.82 $，插件的p / d为1.79。同时，通过在收集器中使用纳米流体和插入物，减少了收集器中使用的材料的内在能量。此外，还评估了传热和摩擦系数，并拟合了数据。对于0.3％纳米流体，它降低到161.94 $，对于0.3％纳米流体，它进一步降低到135.82 $，插件的p / d为1.79。同时，通过在收集器中使用纳米流体和插入物，减少了收集器中使用的材料的内在能量。此外，还评估了传热和摩擦系数，并拟合了数据。