Chameleons (Chamaeleonidae, Reptilia) are known for their extreme sensory and motor adaptations to arboreal life and insectivoury. They show most distinct sequences of visuo-motor patterns in threat avoidance and in predation with prey capture being performed by tongue strikes that are unparalleled in vertebrates. Optical adaptations result in retinal image enlargement and the unique capacity to determine target distance by accommodation cues. Ocular adaptations result in complex eye movements that are context dependent, not independent, as observed in threat avoidance and predation. In predation, evidence from the chameleons’ capacity to track multiple targets support the view that their eyes are under individual controls. Eye movements and body movements are lateralised, with lateralisation being a function of many factors at the population, individual, and specific-situation levels. Chameleons are considered a potentially important model for vision in non-mammalian vertebrates. They provide exceptional behavioural tools for studying eye movements as well as information gathering and analysis. They open the field of lateralisation, decision making, and context dependence. Finally, chameleons allow a deeper examination of the relationships between their unique visuo-motor capacities and the central nervous system of reptiles and ectotherms, in general, as compared with mammals.

变色龙（Chamaeleonidae，Reptilia）以其对树栖生物和昆虫的极端感觉和运动适应能力而闻名。它们显示出在避免威胁和捕食中可见运动模式的最独特序列，其中猎物捕获是通过脊椎动物中无与伦比的舌头打击进行的。光学适应会导致视网膜图像放大，并具有通过适应线索确定目标距离的独特能力。眼部适应会导致复杂的眼球运动，具体取决于环境，如在避免和掠夺威胁中观察到的那样不是独立的。在捕食者中，变色龙追踪多个目标的能力的证据支持这样一种观点，即它们的眼睛处于个体控制之下。眼球运动和身体运动是偏侧性的，偏侧性是人口，个体和特定情况下的许多因素的函数。变色龙被认为是非哺乳动物脊椎动物视觉的潜在重要模型。它们为研究眼球运动以及信息收集和分析提供了出色的行为工具。他们打开了横向化，决策制定和上下文依赖的领域。最后，变色龙可以更深入地研究其独特的视觉运动能力与爬行动物和外生殖器的中枢神经系统之间的关系，通常，