The microbiota influences human health and the development of diverse diseases, including cancer. Microbes can influence tumor initiation and development in either a positive or negative manner. In addition, the composition of the gut microbiota affects the efficacy and toxicity of cancer therapeutics as well as therapeutic resistance. The striking impact of microbiota on oncogenesis and cancer therapy provides compelling evidence to support the notion that manipulating microbial networks represents a promising strategy for treating and preventing cancer. Specific microbes or the microbial ecosystem can be modified via a multiplicity of processes, and therapeutic methods and approaches have been evolving. Microbial manipulation can be applied as an adjunct to traditional cancer therapies such as chemotherapy and immunotherapy. Furthermore, this approach displays great promise as a stand-alone therapy following the failure of standard therapy. Moreover, such strategies may also benefit patients by avoiding the emergence of toxic side effects that result in treatment discontinuation. A better understanding of the host–microbial ecosystem in patients with cancer, together with the development of methodologies for manipulating the microbiome, will help expand the frontiers of precision cancer therapeutics, thereby improving patient care. This review discusses the roles of the microbiota in oncogenesis and cancer therapy, with a focus on efforts to harness the microbiota to fight cancer.

微生物群影响人类健康和包括癌症在内的多种疾病的发展。微生物可以以积极或消极的方式影响肿瘤的发生和发展。此外，肠道微生物群的组成会影响癌症治疗的功效和毒性以及治疗耐药性。微生物群对肿瘤发生和癌症治疗的显着影响提供了令人信服的证据来支持这样一种观点，即操纵微生物网络是治疗和预防癌症的一种有前途的策略。特定微生物或微生物生态系统可以通过多种过程进行修饰，并且治疗方法和方法一直在发展。微生物操作可以作为化学疗法和免疫疗法等传统癌症疗法的辅助手段。此外，在标准疗法失败后，这种方法作为独立疗法显示出巨大的前景。此外，此类策略还可避免出现导致治疗中断的毒副作用，从而使患者受益。更好地了解癌症患者的宿主-微生物生态系统，以及开发操纵微生物组的方法，将有助于扩大精准癌症治疗的前沿，从而改善患者护理。本综述讨论了微生物群在肿瘤发生和癌症治疗中的作用，重点关注利用微生物群对抗癌症的努力。这种策略还可以避免出现导致治疗中断的毒副作用，从而使患者受益。更好地了解癌症患者的宿主-微生物生态系统，以及开发操纵微生物组的方法，将有助于扩大精准癌症治疗的前沿，从而改善患者护理。本综述讨论了微生物群在肿瘤发生和癌症治疗中的作用，重点关注利用微生物群对抗癌症的努力。这种策略还可以避免出现导致治疗中断的毒副作用，从而使患者受益。更好地了解癌症患者的宿主-微生物生态系统，以及开发操纵微生物组的方法，将有助于扩大精准癌症治疗的前沿，从而改善患者护理。本综述讨论了微生物群在肿瘤发生和癌症治疗中的作用，重点关注利用微生物群对抗癌症的努力。