Herbicide weed resistance has been a major issue of conventional global row crop agriculture for decades. Still current strategies and novel technologies available to address weed resistance are mainly herbicide-based. Thus, there is a need for innovative means of integrated weed management strategies. Our approach proposed herein integrates cover crops, plant hormones and pre-emergence (PRE) herbicides as part of weed management programs. Plant hormones such as gibberellic acid (GA3) and abscisic acid (ABA) have the potential to induce seed germination and seed dormancy, respectively. Prior to crop emergence, plant hormones are tank mixed with PRE herbicides and sprayed to cover crop residue. Two strategies are proposed (1) PRE herbicides + GA3 and (2) PRE herbicide + ABA. The hormones provide different results; GA3 is likely to stimulate a more uniform weed seed germination, thus enhancing efficacy of PRE herbicides. Conversely, ABA could promote weed seed dormancy, reducing selection pressure and weed infestations until crop canopy closure. Much research is needed to understand the impact of hormones on weed and crop species, optimize products and rates, and compatibility of hormones with herbicides and cover crops. If successful, this approach could open a new opportunity for agricultural business, enhance farming sustainability by reducing dependence on herbicides and minimizing agronomic, economic and environmental issues related to weed resistance.

中文翻译：

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覆盖作物、激素和除草剂：启动综合杂草管理策略

几十年来，除草剂杂草抗性一直是全球传统中耕作物农业的主要问题。目前可用于解决杂草抗性的策略和新技术主要是基于除草剂。因此，需要综合杂草管理策略的创新手段。我们在此提出的方法将覆盖作物、植物激素和芽前 (PRE) 除草剂作为杂草管理计划的一部分。赤霉酸 (GA3) 和脱落酸 (ABA) 等植物激素分别具有诱导种子萌发和种子休眠的潜力。在作物出苗之前，将植物激素与 PRE 除草剂混合并喷洒以覆盖作物残留物。提出了两种策略 (1) PRE 除草剂 + GA3 和 (2) PRE 除草剂 + ABA。激素提供不同的结果；GA3 可能会刺激更均匀的杂草种子萌发，从而增强 PRE 除草剂的功效。相反，ABA 可以促进杂草种子休眠，减少选择压力和杂草侵染，直到作物冠层关闭。需要大量研究来了解激素对杂草和作物种类的影响，优化产品和用量，以及激素与除草剂和覆盖作物的相容性。如果成功，这种方法可以为农业企业开辟一个新的机会，通过减少对除草剂的依赖并最大限度地减少与杂草抗性相关的农艺、经济和环境问题来提高农业的可持续性。需要大量研究来了解激素对杂草和作物种类的影响，优化产品和用量，以及激素与除草剂和覆盖作物的相容性。如果成功，这种方法可以为农业企业开辟一个新的机会，通过减少对除草剂的依赖并最大限度地减少与杂草抗性相关的农艺、经济和环境问题来提高农业的可持续性。需要大量研究来了解激素对杂草和作物种类的影响，优化产品和用量，以及激素与除草剂和覆盖作物的相容性。如果成功，这种方法可以为农业企业开辟一个新的机会，通过减少对除草剂的依赖并最大限度地减少与杂草抗性相关的农艺、经济和环境问题来提高农业的可持续性。