Understanding the fundamental organisation of the brain in terms of functional specialisation and integration is one of the principal aims of imaging neuroscience. Many investigations into the functional organisation of the brain are predicated on parcellating the brain into patches of assumed piece-wise constant connectivity. There are, however, many brain areas where the assumption of piece-wise constant organisation is violated. Connectivity, and by extension function, often varies continuously across the grey matter according to multiple overlapping modes of change. The organisation is governed by functional heterogeneity (continuous change) as well as functional multiplicity (overlapping modes). Functional heterogeneity and multiplicity have important implications for how we can and should analyse our data and how we ought to interpret the results, both in the classical context of parcellated modes and under models that allow for overlapping modes of continuous change. The goal of this opinion paper is to raise awareness of these issues and highlight recent methodological developments toward accounting for these important fundamental features of brain organisation.

中文翻译：

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面对功能异质性和功能多样性理解大脑组织

在功能专业化和整合方面了解大脑的基本组织是成像神经科学的主要目标之一。许多对大脑功能组织的研究都是基于将大脑分割成假定的分段恒定连接的补丁。然而，有许多大脑区域违反了分段恒定组织的假设。连通性和扩展功能通常根据多种重叠的变化模式在灰质中连续变化。组织由功能异质性（持续变化）和功能多样性（重叠模式）控制。功能异质性和多样性对于我们如何能够和应该分析我们的数据以及我们应该如何解释结果具有重要意义，无论是在分割模式的经典背景下还是在允许重叠模式连续变化的模型下。本意见书的目的是提高对这些问题的认识，并强调最近在解释大脑组织的这些重要基本特征方面的方法学发展。