In this study, we investigated the effect of global temporal prediction on the brain capability to implicitly adjust proactive motor control. We used the Dynamic Temporal Prediction (DTP), in which local and global predictions of an imperative stimulus were manipulated by using different stimulus-onset asynchronies (SOAs), presented with several distribution probabilities. At a behavioural level, the results show a performance adjustment (reaction time decrease) depending on the implicit use of global prediction. At a neurophysiological level, three separate computational steps underlying motor control were investigated. First, the expectancy implementation was associated with global probability-dependent contingent negative variation (CNV) modulation supported by the recruitment of a frontoparietal network involving the anterior cingulate, the left intraparietal sulcus, the occipital, and the premotor areas. Second, the response implementation was modulated by the global prediction fostering stimulus processing (P3 increase) at the motor response level, as suggested by both oscillatory (beta desynchronization), as well as source analysis (frontal cortical network). Third, the expectancy violation lead to a negativity increase (omission-detection potential) time locked to the global rule violation and additionally, to delta and theta power increase interpreted as inhibitory control and rule violation detection, respectively. The expectancy violation further engaged a left lateralized network including the temporal parietal junction (TPJ) and the motor cortex, suggesting involvement of attentional reorienting and a motor adjustment. Finally, these findings provide new insights on the neurocognitive mechanisms underlying proactive motor control, suggesting an overlapping between implicit and explicit processes.

中文翻译：

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我是该留下还是该离开？局部-全局隐式时间预期如何影响主动运动控制：一项 hdEEG 研究

在这项研究中，我们调查了全局时间预测对大脑隐式调整主动运动控制能力的影响。我们使用了动态时间预测 (DTP)，其中通过使用不同的刺激起始异步 (SOA) 来操纵命令性刺激的局部和全局预测，并呈现几种分布概率。在行为层面，结果显示性能调整（反应时间减少）取决于全局预测的隐式使用。在神经生理学层面，研究了运动控制的三个独立计算步骤。首先，期望实施与全局概率相关的偶然负变化（CNV）调制相关，该调制由涉及前扣带回的额顶网络的募集支持，左侧顶内沟、枕骨和运动前区。其次，正如振荡（β 去同步）和源分析（额叶皮层网络）所表明的那样，响应实施受运动响应水平的全局预测促进刺激处理（P3 增加）的调节。第三，预期违规导致负值增加（遗漏检测潜力）时间锁定到全局规则违规，另外，delta 和 theta 功率增加分别被解释为抑制控制和规则违规检测。预期违反进一步涉及包括颞顶叶交界处 (TPJ) 和运动皮层的左侧化网络，表明涉及注意力重新定向和运动调整。最后，