Abstract This study investigates the effects of gamma rays at different total irradiation doses on polyamide reverse osmosis (RO) membranes under aqueous or anhydrous conditions. ATR–FTIR, XPS, Raman, SEM and AFM microscopes are used to observe the chemical structure and morphology of the membrane separation layer before and after irradiation. The effects of irradiation on the filtration properties (water flux and salt rejection), mechanical properties and hydrophilic properties of RO membranes are examined. Results show that the degradation mechanism or path of the membrane separation and support layers are different under aqueous and anhydrous conditions. The results of different analyses reveal that the rupture of amide bond under anhydrous conditions is significantly higher than that under aqueous conditions. Under both conditions, when the total radiation dose was less than 100 kGy, the performance of polyamide membrane is slightly improved. Thus, irradiation positively affects the membrane. When the dose reached 200 kGy, chain breakage and collapse due to radiation are widespread, thereby yielding prominent changes in the properties and morphology of the membrane, most seriously under the anhydrous condition. This study provides a reference for the application of polyamide RO membrane in radioactive liquid waste and an effective method for the modification of polyamide membranes.

中文翻译：

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γ射线辐照对聚酰胺反渗透膜分离性能及力学性能的影响

摘要 本研究研究了不同总辐照剂量下的伽马射线对水性或无水条件下聚酰胺反渗透 (RO) 膜的影响。ATR-FTIR、XPS、拉曼、SEM和AFM显微镜用于观察辐照前后膜分离层的化学结构和形貌。检查了辐照对 RO 膜的过滤性能（水通量和盐截留率）、机械性能和亲水性能的影响。结果表明，在含水和无水条件下，膜分离层和支撑层的降解机制或路径不同。不同分析的结果表明，无水条件下酰胺键的断裂明显高于含水条件下。在这两种情况下，当总辐射剂量小于100 kGy时，聚酰胺膜的性能略有提高。因此，辐射对膜有积极影响。当剂量达到 200 kGy 时，由于辐射引起的链断裂和坍塌普遍存在，从而使膜的性质和形态发生显着变化，在无水条件下最为严重。该研究为聚酰胺反渗透膜在放射性废液中的应用提供了参考，为聚酰胺膜的改性提供了一种有效的方法。从而使膜的性质和形态发生显着变化，在无水条件下最为严重。该研究为聚酰胺反渗透膜在放射性废液中的应用提供了参考，为聚酰胺膜的改性提供了一种有效的方法。从而使膜的性质和形态发生显着变化，在无水条件下最为严重。该研究为聚酰胺反渗透膜在放射性废液中的应用提供了参考，为聚酰胺膜的改性提供了一种有效的方法。