The tequila bat (Leptonycteris yerbabuenae) has been the focus of intense research over the last 20 years. Its close relationship to economically important plants used in the production of tequila and mezcal has raised awareness of its importance as both a keystone mutualist and a mobile link between habitats. The study of its migratory habits has shed light on patterns of movement and routes that animals follow, and how these movements affect the genetic composition of its populations. Delimiting the boundaries of breeding populations is of great importance for conservation, however, determining these boundaries has been difficult for L. yerbabuenae. Understanding the demographic history of the species could provide additional insight into current differences of its migratory behaviour and reproductive asynchrony. Here, we report evidence of historical matrilineal structure by comparing partial sequences of mtDNA cytochrome b (bp 306) and Control Region (497 bp) and inferred patterns of differentiation across the distribution of L. yerbabuenae in Mexico. Our population-based statistical analysis suggests panmixia among colonies with low genetic differentiation between north-western and south-eastern colonies. Neutrality tests of the Control Region indicate the presence of two divergent mitochondrial lineages in the south-east and the north-west of Mexico. Our results corroborate recent population expansion events, possibly due to the influence of physical barriers to migration and historical population demography. We recognize one single population but two Conservation Units (CUs) based on differences in reproductive phenology, migratory behaviour and the evidence of two matrilineal lineages as found in this study. We recommend the use of large-scale genomic datasets to better delimit fine-scale population structure in the future.

在过去的20年中，龙舌兰蝙蝠（Leptonycteris yerbabuenae）一直是研究的重点。它与龙舌兰酒和梅斯卡尔酒生产中使用的具有重要经济意义的植物之间的密切关系提高了人们对其重要性的认识，因为它既是基石互惠主义者，又是生境之间的活动联系。对其迁徙习性的研究揭示了动物的活动方式和路线，以及这些活动如何影响其种群的遗传组成。划定繁殖种群的边界对保护非常重要，但是，确定这些边界对于莱伯氏乳杆菌很困难。。了解该物种的人口历史可以进一步了解其迁徙行为和生殖异步的当前差异。在这里，我们通过比较mtDNA细胞色素b（bp 306）和控制区（497 bp）的部分序列，以及推断的整个yerbabuenae的分化模式，报告了历史母系结构的证据。在墨西哥。我们基于人群的统计分析表明，西北和东南殖民地之间的遗传分化程度较低的殖民地之间存在混合虫。控制区域的中性测试表明，在墨西哥的东南和西北存在两个不同的线粒体谱系。我们的结果证实了最近的人口膨胀事件，这可能是由于人口迁移的物理障碍和人口历史人口统计数据的影响。根据本研究中发现的生殖物候，迁徙行为和两个母系谱系的证据，我们识别出一个单一的种群，但识别了两个保守单位。我们建议您使用大规模基因组数据集，以便将来更好地界定精细规模的种群结构。