Blood plasma was collected during 2016–2018 from healthy incubating eiders (Somateria molissima, n = 183) in three Danish colonies, and healthy migrating pink-footed geese (Anser brachyrhynchus, n = 427) at their spring roost in Central Norway (Svalbard breeding population) and their novel flyway through the Finnish Baltic Sea (Russian breeding population). These species and flyways altogether represent terrestrial, brackish and marine ecosystems spanning from the Western to the Eastern and Northern part of the Baltic Sea. Plasma of these species was analysed for seroprevalence of specific avian influenza A (AI) antibodies to obtain information on circulating AI serotypes and exposure. Overall, antibody prevalence was 55% for the eiders and 47% for the pink-footed geese. Of AI-antibody seropositive birds, 12% (22/183) of the eiders and 3% (12/427) of the pink-footed geese had been exposed to AI of the potentially zoonotic serotypes H5 and/or H7 virus. AI seropositive samples selected at random (n = 33) showed a low frequency of serotypes H1, H6 and H9. Future projects should aim at sampling and isolating AI virus to characterize dominant serotypes and virus strains (PCR). This will increase our understanding of how AI exposure may affect health, breeding and population viability of Baltic common eiders and pink-footed geese as well as the potential spill-over to humans (zoonotic potential).

在2016-2018年期间，从三个丹麦殖民地的健康孵化绒毛（Somateria molissima，n = 183）和健康迁徙的粉红色雁（Anser brachyrhynchus，n = 427）在挪威中部的春季栖息地（斯瓦尔巴群岛的繁殖种群）和通过芬兰波罗的海的新颖飞行路线（俄罗斯的繁殖种群）。这些物种和飞行路线总共代表了波罗的海的西部，东部和北部的陆地，咸淡和海洋生态系统。分析这些物种的血浆中特定禽流感A（AI）抗体的血清阳性率，以获得有关循环AI血清型和暴露的信息。总体而言，绒毛虫的抗体流行率为55％，粉红色雁的抗体流行率为47％。在AI抗体血清反应阳性的禽类中，有12％（22/183）的绒鸭和3％（12/427）的粉红色鹅已经暴露于可能具有人畜共患血清型H5和/或H7病毒的AI中。随机选择的AI血清反应阳性样本（n = 33）显示出H1，H6和H9血清型的频率较低。未来的项目应该针对采样和分离AI病毒，以表征主要血清型和病毒株（PCR）。这将增加我们对AI暴露可能如何影响波罗的海普通绒毛和粉红色脚鹅的健康，繁殖和种群生存力以及对人的潜在溢出（人畜共患病潜力）的理解。