Abstract Combined cooling, heating, and power systems (CCHP) have attracted a lot of attention due to their distinctive advantages of high system and economic efficiencies in addition to less greenhouse gas emissions. The current study investigates the performance of a Kalina cycle-based CCHP system in which geothermal energy is utilized as the low temperature source of prime energy. A thermoelectric generator is used in the system for retrieving wasted heat and producing extra amount of electricity thereby leading to higher overall efficiency. Two types of fluids, i.e. geothermal water and mixture of water-ammonia, are employed for the steam cycle and Kalina cycle, respectively. A comparative performance analysis is carried out on three system configurations, namely; basic Kalina cycle system, Kalina cycle with a thermoelectric generator (TEG), and Kalina cycle integrated with TEG and a Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC). The results demonstrated that employing TEG increases the output power by 25.1 kW and improves cycle efficiency by 1.7%. Moreover, integrating both TEG and PEMFC increases the net output power of the proposed system to 1101 kW, which is 993.2 kW and 971.7 kW higher than the basic Kalina cycle system and the Kalina cycle system coupled with the TEG respectively. In addition, the exergy analysis of each component in the system showed that the condenser has the most exergy destruction. Multi-criteria optimization is applied to seek the optimum operation condition of the proposed system. The net output power and electricity cost were used as two critical optimization targets. An optimum condition of the system is suggested using the concept of ideal point on the Pareto front plot.

中文翻译：

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采用燃料电池和热电模块改进的新型集成 Kalina 循环的设计和比较火用和火用经济分析

摘要 冷热电联供系统（CCHP）由于具有系统高、经济效率高、温室气体排放少等显着优势而备受关注。当前的研究调查了基于 Kalina 循环的 CCHP 系统的性能，其中地热能被用作主要能源的低温来源。系统中使用热电发电机回收废热并产生额外的电力，从而提高整体效率。蒸汽循环和 Kalina 循环分别使用两种流体，即地热水和水-氨混合物。对三种系统配置进行了比较性能分析，即：基本 Kalina 循环系统，带有热电发电机 (TEG) 的 Kalina 循环，和 Kalina 循环与 TEG 和质子交换膜燃料电池 (PEMFC) 集成。结果表明，采用 TEG 可将输出功率提高 25.1 kW，并将循环效率提高 1.7%。此外，集成 TEG 和 PEMFC 将所提出系统的净输出功率增加到 1101 kW，分别比基本 Kalina 循环系统和与 TEG 耦合的 Kalina 循环系统高 993.2 kW 和 971.7 kW。此外，对系统中各部件的火用分析表明，冷凝器的火用破坏最大。应用多准则优化来寻求所提出系统的最佳运行条件。净输出功率和电力成本被用作两个关键的优化目标。