Abstract Control efforts against the vectors of such tropical diseases as malaria, dengue, Zika, along with many others, have up to now relied heavily on the use of insecticides for both, vector and larvae control. Many of the insecticides used for the impregnation of bed nets, indoor residual spraying, fumigation, and treatment of larval breeding sites have already lost their effectiveness or are at risk of doing so. One opportunity that that has so far not been given priority in control programs has been the targeting of the vector larvae in their breeding habitats through the use of aquatic predators. The arsenal of aquatic predators consists of water living animals and the aquatic stages of many land-living or airborne animals. Many of these animal species are specialized in the predation of mosquito larvae or incorporate them as a major component of their diets. Habitat preferences of vector mosquito larvae and of aquatic predators are diverse and do not necessarily overlap, with the result that particular predator species may be the only viable agents against particular vector species. Despite encouragingly high predation rates achieved in laboratory experiments, the predatorś effectiveness in the field can differ remarkably. Also their use may result in negative impacts on ecosystems if not carefully attuned to the local food network. There is only limited evidence for any impact on actual disease transmission by means of larval control through aquatic predators. There is a need for more controlled field trials designed to register the changes achieved in adult mosquito abundance and the impact on human health, in order to be able to formulate clear health policy recommendations.

中文翻译：

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使用水生捕食者控制蚊病媒介的幼虫：机会和限制

摘要 迄今为止，针对疟疾、登革热、寨卡病毒等热带疾病媒介的控制工作严重依赖使用杀虫剂来控制媒介和幼虫。许多用于浸渍蚊帐、室内滞留喷洒、熏蒸和幼虫繁殖地处理的杀虫剂已经失效或有失效风险。迄今为止，在控制计划中尚未优先考虑的一个机会是通过使用水生捕食者在其繁殖栖息地中瞄准病媒幼虫。水生捕食者的武器库包括水生动物和许多陆生或空中动物的水生阶段。许多这些动物物种专门捕食蚊子幼虫或将它们作为其饮食的主要组成部分。媒介蚊子幼虫和水生捕食者的栖息地偏好多种多样，不一定重叠，因此特定捕食者物种可能是针对特定媒介物种的唯一可行媒介。尽管在实验室实验中取得了令人鼓舞的高捕食率，但捕食者在该领域的有效性可能会有显着差异。此外，如果不仔细适应当地的食物网络，它们的使用可能会对生态系统产生负面影响。只有有限的证据表明通过水生捕食者控制幼虫对实际疾病传播有任何影响。