Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a serious complication of diabetes caused by changes in the structure and function of the kidneys. It is important to detect diagnostic biomarkers of DN at an early stage, in which the drug can slow the loss of kidney function and prevent disease progression. In recent years, a variety of biological markers related to DN have been discovered, which is of great significance for predicting the occurrence and development of diseases. Due to the simplicity of non-invasive collection, urine is an ideal biological sample for the discovery of new biomarkers of kidney disease. We reviewed some new urinary biomarkers related to early DN patients, including urinary proteins, peptides, and exosomes biomarkers. We also highlight the proteins associated with tubular damage, glomerular damage, inflammation and oxidative stress marker. Despite the promise of these new urinary biomarkers, we next proposed a review of the most recent publications reporting on larger cohorts, focusing on those that aim at qualification or validation. This review provides important data to better understand biomarkers related to the pathophysiology of DN, and these markers have been increasingly studied for disease progression to provide effective human treatment.

糖尿病肾病（DN）是由肾脏结构和功能的变化引起的糖尿病的严重并发症。在早期检测DN的诊断性生物标记非常重要，在该阶段，该药物可以减缓肾功能的丧失并预防疾病的进展。近年来，已经发现了与DN相关的多种生物学标记，这对于预测疾病的发生和发展具有重要意义。由于无创收集的简便性，尿液是发现肾脏疾病新生物标记物的理想生物样品。我们回顾了一些与早期DN患者相关的新尿液生物标志物，包括尿蛋白，肽和外泌体生物标志物。我们还将重点介绍与肾小管损害，肾小球损害，炎症和氧化应激标志物。尽管有了这些新的尿液生物标志物的前景，我们接下来还是建议对有关较大人群的最新出版物进行综述，重点是针对鉴定或验证的出版物。这项审查提供重要的数据，以更好地了解与DN的病理生理相关的生物标志物，并且这些标志物已被越来越多地研究疾病进展，以提供有效的人类治疗方法。