Abstract This work aims to highlight the importance of refining the calculation of exposure to primary pollutants in dense urban areas, by taking into account both pollutant concentration heterogeneity at the street scale, and individual mobility during the day. To address this issue, we have set up an urban modeling chain based on the OLYMPUS and CHIMERE models, and offering innovative statistical work on simulation data. OLYMPUS is an emission modeling system that produces mobility matrices for individuals in a city through an activity-based approach of the travel demand. CHIMERE is a chemistry-transport model that uses anthropogenic and biogenic emissions, meteorological fields and large-scale chemical fields to produce hourly pollutant concentration fields in a given area. A statistical post-processing of CHIMERE output data has been developed to create sub-grid variability for NO2 and PM10 concentrations - mainly related to the proximity of busy roads, and its results have been crossed with daily mobility matrices for every citizen, in order to refine our estimate of the individual exposure budget. This urban modeling platform has been implemented over Greater Paris. The results show that such approach considerably expands the range of individual exposure values and raises the question of recurrent exposure of city dwellers to very high levels of pollution, even during reduced periods of time during the day. They also introduce the issue of environmental inequalities linked to practices and constraints of dwelling place, mobility and work, which need to be apprehended by new modeling approaches.

中文翻译：

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解决城市地区初级污染暴露问题：在大巴黎地区的应用

摘要 本工作旨在通过考虑街道尺度的污染物浓度异质性和白天的个人流动性，强调细化密集城市地区主要污染物暴露计算的重要性。为了解决这个问题，我们建立了一个基于 OLYMPUS 和 CHIMERE 模型的城市建模链，并提供了对模拟数据的创新统计工作。OLYMPUS 是一个排放建模系统，它通过基于活动的出行需求方法为城市中的个人生成出行矩阵。CHIMERE 是一种化学传输模型，它利用人为和生物排放、气象场和大型化学场在给定区域内产生每小时污染物浓度场。已经开发了 CHIMERE 输出数据的统计后处理，以创建 NO2 和 PM10 浓度的子网格可变性 - 主要与繁忙道路的接近度有关，并且其结果已与每个公民的日常流动矩阵交叉，以便完善我们对个人曝光预算的估计。该城市建模平台已在大巴黎地区实施。结果表明，这种方法大大扩展了个人暴露值的范围，并提出了城市居民反复暴露于非常高水平的污染的问题，即使在白天减少的时间段也是如此。它们还引入了与居住、流动性和工作的实践和限制相关的环境不平等问题，需要通过新的建模方法加以解决。