Cell lysates (cellular extracts) constitute a perfect imitation of the intracellular environment that can provide insight into cellular response to external stimuli. However, most of the presented results are performed for diluted lysates that do not reflect the actual properties of a crowded cellular environment. Here, we report for the first time the measurement of the viscosity and shear storage modulus of highly concentrated Escherichia coli ( E. coli ) lysates with and without adenosine triphosphate (ATP). By cleavage of DNA content, we showed the value of shear storage modulus G ′ $G^{\prime }$ decreases by 19–31% in comparison to control samples. The addition of molecules that provides energy (ATP) allowed to rebuild the structure of the lysate by reversibly increasing viscous properties over elastic ones. When the energy delivered in the form of ATP is consumed by the unliving bacterial lysate, the system returns to its initial state.

中文翻译：

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细胞提取凝胶作为活性物质的一个例子

细胞裂解物（细胞提取物）是对细胞内环境的完美模仿，可以深入了解细胞对外部刺激的反应。然而，大多数呈现的结果是针对稀释的裂解物进行的，这些裂解物不能反映拥挤的细胞环境的实际特性。在这里，我们首次报告了对含有和不含三磷酸腺苷 (ATP) 的高浓度大肠杆菌 (E.coli) 裂解物的粘度和剪切储能模量的测量。通过切割 DNA 含量，我们显示剪切储能模量 G ' $G^{\prime }$ 的值与对照样品相比降低了 19-31%。添加提供能量 (ATP) 的分子允许通过可逆地增加粘性特性而不是弹性特性来重建裂解物的结构。