Clustered routing protocols with static sink suffer from energy hole problem. Sensor nodes (SNs) closer to the sink node work as a conveyer for faraway nodes, and these nodes deplete their energy very fast which causes an energy hole in the network. Using the mobility of the sink node is one of the best approaches to eradicate energy hole problem and to improve the lifetime of the network in wireless sensor networks. A framework which uses mobile sink concept with 4- or 8-sojourn-location path patterns in addition to one centralized static sink has been proposed to maximize the lifetime of the network by diverting a load of SN to nearby static or mobile sink. Furthermore, the performance of the presented framework has been compared with both homogeneous and heterogeneous network protocols named as LEACH-C and DEEC, respectively. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed framework of sink mobility is much energy efficient and improves the network’s lifetime as compared to LEACH-C and DEEC.

中文翻译：

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利用宿移动性在WSN中优化同质和异构路由协议的方法

具有静态接收器的群集路由协议存在能量漏洞问题。靠近接收器节点的传感器节点（SN）充当遥远节点的传送带，这些节点非常快地耗尽能量，从而在网络中造成能量空洞。使用宿节点的移动性是消除能量空穴问题并改善无线传感器网络中网络寿命的最佳方法之一。已经提出了一种框架，该框架除了使用一个集中式静态接收器外，还使用具有4或8个位置的路径模式的移动接收器概念，以通过将SN的负载转移到附近的静态或移动接收器来最大化网络的生命周期。此外，已将所提出框架的性能与分别称为LEACH-C和DEEC的同构和异构网络协议进行了比较。