Searching for the superior electromagnetic wave absorption materials (EMWAMs) has sparked giant interest owing to the increasingly serious electromagnetic wave (EMW) pollution and the boosting development of stealth fighters. Among numerous EMW absorbing materials, the two-dimension (2D) materials with unique layered morphology, low mass density, excellent processability and controllable electromagnetic parameters stand out for the lightweight, high-efficiency EMW absorbing materials. Here, we will summary the state-of-art progress on the 2D materials for EMWAMs, including graphene, MoS₂, h-BN, g-C₃N₄, LDH (layered double hydroxides) and others. Meanwhile, the relevant preparation synthesis, absorption mechanisms and performance comparisons are presented. Specially, with the aim to obtain the superior absorption ability in term of broad effective absorption bandwidth (EAB), strong absorption intensity and thin thickness, the two key factors that significantly influence the ultimate performance, namely, good impedance matching and strong attenuation capacity, have been considered all the time. Finally, the bottlenecks and outlooks are further put forward on the basis of its current development.

由于电磁波（EMW）的污染日益严重以及隐形战斗机的蓬勃发展，寻找优质的电磁波吸收材料（EMWAM）引起了人们的极大兴趣。在众多EMW吸收材料中，具有独特的层状形态，低质量密度，出色的可加工性和可控制的电磁参数的二维（2D）材料在轻巧，高效的EMW吸收材料中脱颖而出。在这里，我们将总结用于EMWAM的2D材料的最新技术进展，包括石墨烯，MoS ₂，h-BN，gC ₃ N ₄，LDH（层状双氢氧化物）等。同时，介绍了相关制剂的合成，吸收机理和性能比较。特别是，为了在宽有效吸收带宽（EAB），强吸收强度和薄厚度方面获得优异的吸收能力，这两个对最终性能产生重大影响的关键因素是良好的阻抗匹配和强大的衰减能力，一直被考虑。最后，在当前发展的基础上进一步提出瓶颈和展望。