The global population depends on fairly a small number of crops including wheat, rice and maize for food and nutrition, leaving a wealth of genetic resources neglected. Owing to ever increasing demands of the growing world, food production must be increased but research evidences suggests that climate change has adversely affected crop yields, thereby impacting whole agriculture. Exploring the potential reservoir of underutilized crops would provide a highly diversified agricultural production system in sustaining food and nutritional security under climate change. Buckwheat (Fagopyrum sp.) is one such crop representing a broad gene pool harboring diverse genetic resources for future agriculture due to their suitability to marginalized environments. Research advancements suggest that buckwheat has immense potential of commercialization due to presence of essential nutrients and therapeutics. With a balance of bioactive components and nutraceuticals, it has the ability to withstand various environmental stresses to make it a suitable candidate crop for future nutritional security initiatives. Despite such potential, efforts pertaining to genetic improvement, including breeding and molecular techniques are not exemplary. In this review, we present a comprehensive coverage of buckwheat germplasm research done till date along with a tangible perspective of integrating breeding and omics-driven approaches to accelerate higher genetic gains. The implementation of this strategy could enhance the nutritional benefits and adaptation to changing climates for future needs.

全球人口赖以赖为生的少量作物，包括小麦，大米和玉米，以提供食物和营养，却忽略了许多遗传资源。由于增长中世界的需求不断增加，必须增加粮食产量，但研究证据表明，气候变化已对作物单产产生不利影响，从而影响了整个农业。探索潜在的未充分利用的农作物储藏库将提供高度多样化的农业生产系统，以在气候变化下维持粮食和营养安全。荞麦（荞麦是一种这样的作物，代表着广泛的基因库，因为它们适合边缘化环境，因此为未来的农业提供了多种遗传资源。研究进展表明，由于必需营养素和治疗剂的存在，荞麦具有巨大的商业化潜力。兼具生物活性成分和营养保健品的平衡，它能够承受各种环境压力，使其成为未来营养安全计划的合适候选作物。尽管具有这样的潜力，但是与遗传改良有关的努力，包括育种和分子技术，并不是示例性的。在这篇评论中 我们将对迄今为止进行的荞麦种质研究进行全面介绍，并结合整合育种和组学驱动方法来加速获得更高遗传资源的切实见解。实施该战略可增强营养效益，并适应不断变化的气候，以满足未来需求。