Bacterial leaf streak (BLS) is now the fourth-most devastating disease in rice. Dular and H359 are two indica rice varieties with contrasting responses to BLS. Dular displays high resistance, while H359 is susceptible. In this study, RNA-seq was used to examine the early molecular processes deployed during the resistance response of Dular and H359 at different times after inoculation. Differentially expressed gene (DEG) analysis identified 3031 genes in Dular and 7161 in H359 that were modulated in response to infection after 12 and 24 h. There were significantly more DEGs in H359 than in Dular, and there were significantly more downregulated genes than upregulated genes. Gene ontology (GO) and KEGG enrichment analyses revealed a similar set of GO terms and KEGG pathways enriched in both varieties. However, KEGG analysis of upregulated DEGs revealed that some phenylpropane metabolism-related pathways were specially enriched in Dular. Further comparison and analysis showed that the numbers of resistance-related DEGs in the two varieties were significantly reduced at 24 h compared with 12 h after BLS infection and genes critically involved in conferring resistance during the early stage mainly included WRKY transcription factors, receptor kinases and disease, exocyst, MAPK signalling pathway and hormones related genes. Our study suggests that resistance-related genes may play an important role at an early stage of infection and phenylpropane metabolism related genes may partly response for BLS resistance of Dular, thus providing valuable information for future studies on the molecular mechanisms of BLS resistance in rice.

中文翻译：

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不同水稻品种的转录组分析为水稻对细菌叶片条纹感染的反应提供了新的见解。

细菌叶条纹（BLS）现在是水稻中第四大破坏性疾病。Dular和H359是两个籼稻水稻品种对BLS的反应不同。Dular显示高电阻，而H359容易受到影响。在这项研究中，RNA-seq用于检查接种后不同时间在Dular和H359的耐药性响应过程中部署的早期分子过程。差异表达基因（DEG）分析鉴定了Dular的3031个基​​因和H359的7161个基因，这些基因在感染12和24小时后响应感染而被调节。H359中的DEG明显多于Dular，并且下调的基因明显多于上调的基因。基因本体论（GO）和KEGG富集分析揭示了在两个变种中都富集的相似的GO术语和KEGG途径。但是，对上调的DEGs进行的KEGG分析显示，Dular中某些苯丙烷代谢相关的途径特别丰富。进一步的比较和分析表明，与BLS感染后的12 h相比，两个品种在24 h的抗性相关DEGs数量明显减少，并且在早期阶段关键地赋予抗性的基因主要包括WRKY转录因子，受体激酶和疾病，囊泡，MAPK信号通路和激素相关基因。我们的研究表明，抗性相关基因可能在感染的早期阶段起着重要的作用，而苯丙烷代谢相关基因可能部分响应了Dular的BLS抗性，从而为水稻BLS抗性分子机制的进一步研究提供了有价值的信息。