Fate and risk of nanomaterials in the environment have attracted wide attention over the years. Copper hydroxide (Cu(OH)₂) nanorods have been used as antibacterial nanomaterials in agricultural products, leading to their release into the environment. Yet, knowledge about the transformation of Cu(OH)₂ nanorods is currently scarce, representing a potential for the environment. Here we investigated the sulfidation process of Cu(OH)₂ nanorods by dissolved sulfide (Na₂S) in aqueous solutions with varied molar ratios of Cu(OH)₂ nanorods versus Na₂S. The solid products were characterized with focus on the roles of dissolved oxygen (DO) and dissolved sulfide on CuS formation. The impact of sulfidation on the toxicity of Cu(OH)₂ nanorods for Escherichia coli was also investigated. Copper oxide (CuO) nanorods with comparable morphology to Cu(OH)₂ nanorods were identified as the intermediate of Cu(OH)₂ nanorods sulfidation. We proposed that in situ formation of self-assembly CuS nanorods was achieved through an anion-exchange reaction between O²⁻ of CuO and S²⁻ of Na₂S. We found that sulfidation enhanced the toxicity of Cu(OH)₂ nanorods to E. coli: the inhibition of E. coli growth increased from 1.2 to 22.6% with increasing sulfidation due to an increase of dissolved Cu concentration.

多年来，纳米材料在环境中的命运和风险已引起广泛关注。氢氧化铜（Cu（OH）₂）纳米棒已用作农产品中的抗菌纳米材料，导致其释放到环境中。然而，关于Cu（OH）₂纳米棒的转化的知识目前很少，这代表了环境的潜力。在这里，我们研究了Cu（OH）₂纳米棒与Na ₂摩尔比变化的水溶液中溶解的硫化物（Na ₂ S）对Cu（OH）₂纳米棒的硫化过程。S.表征固体产物的重点是溶解氧（DO）和溶解硫化物对CuS形成的作用。还研究了硫化对Cu（OH）₂纳米棒对 大肠杆菌毒性的影响。具有可比的Cu（OH）₂纳米棒形态的氧化铜（CuO）纳米棒被确定为Cu（OH）₂纳米棒硫化的中间体。我们提出通过CuO的O ²⁻和Na ₂ S的S ²⁻之间的阴离子交换反应实现了自组装CuS纳米棒的原位形成。我们发现硫化作用增强了Cu（OH）₂纳米棒的毒性。大肠杆菌：随着硫化作用的增加，由于溶解的铜的浓度增加，对大肠杆菌生长的抑制作用从1.2增加到22.6％。