Urbanization and urban heat island have significant impacts that vary from local to global levels; therefore, cities are under greater threat to global environmental change. This study, for the first time, focuses on comparative assessment of an iconic phenomenon of “surface urban heat island” (SUHI) in the coastal areas of Pakistan. For the purpose of this study, remote sensing techniques are used. Data for the period of January 2017 to December 2017, day and night scenes of TERRA/MODIS are obtained to create land surface temperature (LST) maps. Surface temperatures are examined against land cover data across various cities while comparing them with LSTs and land cover data in GIS Software. Spatial patterns of SUHI in each city are also investigated through its diurnal variation and seasonal changes. Association between SUHI and wind stream is presented in monthly analysis, which indicates that high wind speed is generally linked with the lowest development of SUHI. This research provides a broad perspective over the SUHI phenomenon in the coastal areas of Pakistan, and the results will be useful for urban planners to make decisions that can enhance environmental sustainability practices.

中文翻译：

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地表城市热岛强度与城市扩张：巴基斯坦沿海地区的比较分析

城市化和城市热岛具有从地方到全球各不相同的重大影响；因此，城市受到全球环境变化的更大威胁。这项研究首次侧重于对巴基斯坦沿海地区“地表城市热岛”(SUHI) 标志性现象的比较评估。出于本研究的目的，使用了遥感技术。获取 2017 年 1 月至 2017 年 12 月期间的数据，获取 TERRA/MODIS 的昼夜场景以创建地表温度 (LST) 图。根据不同城市的土地覆盖数据检查地表温度，同时将它们与 GIS 软件中的 LST 和土地覆盖数据进行比较。还通过其日变化和季节变化研究了每个城市SUHI的空间格局。SUHI与风流之间的关联在月度分析中呈现，这表明高风速通常与SUHI的最低发展相关。这项研究为巴基斯坦沿海地区的 SUHI 现象提供了广阔的视角，其结果将有助于城市规划者做出可以增强环境可持续性实践的决策。