Pristine ZnO, Cu2+:ZnO, Ce3+:ZnO and Cu2+, Ce3+:ZnO nanopowders with different doping concentrations (0, 0.31, 0.62, 0.93 and 1.24% of dopant) were synthesized by sol–gel technique with low sintering temperature of 600 °C. The powders were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), selected-area electron diffraction (SAED), UV–Vis optical absorption and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy analysis. XRD patterns revealed that all the compounds are hexagonal wurtzite crystalline structure and that all the dopant atoms substituted Zn atoms in the ZnO lattice and there was no formation of extra Phases. SEM photographs displayed morphology of the prepared nanopowders. The UV–Vis absorption spectrum presented an absorption peak at 355 nm which was ascribed to ZnO nanoparticles. The photoluminescence spectrum displayed emission peaks at 486 nm and 527 nm. The 486 nm peak conformed to bandgap excitonic emission and the 527 nm peak was attributed to the existence of independently ionized oxygen vacancies. Sol–gel technique has capability for application in manufacturing units, because its process is simple and the reagents used are economical. Particle sizes in the range 10–51 nm were realized from the TEM analysis.

中文翻译：

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Cu2+:ZnO、Ce3+:ZnO和Cu2+、Ce3+:ZnO的合成、表征和光谱特性

原始的 ZnO、Cu2+:ZnO、Ce3+:ZnO 和 Cu2+、Ce3+:ZnO 纳米粉体具有不同的掺杂浓度（0、0.31、0.62、0.93 和 1.24% 的掺杂剂）是通过溶胶-凝胶技术在 600 °C 的低烧结温度下合成的. 通过 X 射线衍射 (XRD)、扫描电子显微镜 (SEM)、透射电子显微镜 (TEM)、选区电子衍射 (SAED)、紫外-可见光吸收和光致发光 (PL) 光谱分析对粉末进行表征。XRD图谱表明，所有化合物均为六方纤锌矿晶体结构，所有掺杂剂原子都取代了ZnO晶格中的Zn原子，没有形成额外的相。SEM照片显示了制备的纳米粉末的形态。UV-Vis 吸收光谱在 355 nm 处出现吸收峰，这归因于 ZnO 纳米颗粒。光致发光光谱在 486 nm 和 527 nm 处显示发射峰。486 nm 峰符合带隙激子发射，527 nm 峰归因于独立电离氧空位的存在。溶胶-凝胶技术由于其工艺简单，所用试剂经济，因此具有在生产单位应用的能力。从 TEM 分析中实现了 10-51 nm 范围内的粒径。