To promote engineering self-aware and self-adaptive software systems in a reusable manner, architectural patterns and the related methodology provide an unified solution to handle the recurring problems in the engineering process. However, in existing patterns and methods, domain knowledge and engineers’ expertise that is built over time are not explicitly linked to the self-aware processes. This link is important, as knowledge is a valuable asset for the related problems and its absence would cause unnecessary overhead, possibly misleading results, and unwise waste of the tremendous benefits that could have been brought by the domain expertise. This article highlights the importance of synergizing domain expertise and the self-awareness to enable better self-adaptation in software systems, relying on well-defined expertise representation, algorithms, and techniques. In particular, we present a holistic framework of notions, enriched patterns and methodology, dubbed DBASES, that offers a principled guideline for the engineers to perform difficulty and benefit analysis on possible synergies, in an attempt to keep “engineers-in-the-loop.” Through three tutorial case studies, we demonstrate how DBASES can be applied in different domains, within which a carefully selected set of candidates with different synergies can be used for quantitative investigation, providing more informed decisions of the design choices.

中文翻译：

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在软件系统中将领域专业知识与自我意识相结合：模式化架构指南

为了以可重用的方式促进工程自感知和自适应软件系统，架构模式和相关方法提供了一个统一的解决方案来处理工程过程中反复出现的问题。然而，在现有的模式和方法中，随着时间的推移而建立的领域知识和工程师的专业知识并没有明确地与自我意识过程相关联。这个链接很重要，因为知识是相关问题的宝贵资产，如果没有知识，会导致不必要的开销，可能会产生误导性的结果，并不明智地浪费领域专业知识可能带来的巨大好处。本文强调了协同领域专业知识和自我意识的重要性，以在软件系统中实现更好的自适应，依靠明确定义的专业知识表示，算法和技术。特别是，我们提出了一个概念、丰富的模式和方法的整体框架，称为 DBASES，它为工程师对可能的协同效应进行难度和收益分析提供了原则性的指导，试图保持“工程师在环。” 通过三个教程案例研究，我们展示了如何将 DBASES 应用于不同领域，其中精心挑选的一组具有不同协同作用的候选者可用于定量调查，为设计选择提供更明智的决策。试图保持“工程师在环”。通过三个教程案例研究，我们展示了如何将 DBASES 应用于不同领域，其中精心挑选的一组具有不同协同作用的候选者可用于定量调查，为设计选择提供更明智的决策。试图保持“工程师在环”。通过三个教程案例研究，我们展示了如何将 DBASES 应用于不同领域，其中精心挑选的一组具有不同协同作用的候选者可用于定量调查，为设计选择提供更明智的决策。