5G enabled Vehicular ad hoc network (5G-VANET) plays a promising role to support diverse intelligent transportation system (ITS) applications. There are three types of communication modes in 5G-VANET: cellular mode, reuse mode and dedicated mode, i.e., vehicle users (VUEs) communicate with each other using the cellular network spectrum directly, in an underlay sharing way, and utilizing the allocated dedicated spectrum, respectively. However, how to dynamically share the multi-mode spectrum to optimize the network performance (i.e., network throughput) in 5G-VANET is a challenging task due to the high dynamic VANET environment and network resource heterogeneity. In this paper, we propose a dynamic Stackelberg pricing game enabled multi-mode spectrum sharing solution in 5G-VANET. In specific, we develop an access price strategy for different spectrum sharing modes considering the cellular BS’s revenue and whole network throughput, while VUEs can select communication modes in a distributed way and dynamically change the selections through an evolutionary game. Through testing different traffic scenarios generated by SUMO, we demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm. Specifically, the proposed algorithm can improve the total transmission rate of VANET by at least 20% compared with the random selection method.

中文翻译：

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利用动态 Stackelberg 定价游戏在 5G-VANET 中实现多模式频谱共享

支持 5G 的车载自组织网络 (5G-VANET) 在支持多样化的智能交通系统 (ITS) 应用方面发挥着重要作用。5G-VANET 共有三种通信模式：蜂窝模式、复用模式和专用模式，即车辆用户（VUE）直接使用蜂窝网络频谱、以底层共享方式相互通信，并利用分配的专用谱，分别。然而，由于高度动态的 VANET 环境和网络资源异构性，如何在 5G-VANET 中动态共享多模频谱以优化网络性能（即网络吞吐量）是一项具有挑战性的任务。在本文中，我们提出了一种在 5G-VANET 中启用动态 Stackelberg 定价博弈的多模频谱共享解决方案。具体来说，考虑到蜂窝基站的收入和全网吞吐量，我们为不同的频谱共享模式制定了接入价格策略，而 VUE 可以以分布式方式选择通信模式，并通过演化博弈动态改变选择。通过测试SUMO产生的不同交通场景，我们证明了所提出算法的有效性。具体而言，与随机选择方法相比，所提出的算法可以将VANET的总传输速率提高至少20%。我们证明了所提出算法的有效性。具体而言，与随机选择方法相比，所提出的算法可以将VANET的总传输速率提高至少20%。我们证明了所提出算法的有效性。具体而言，与随机选择方法相比，所提出的算法可以将VANET的总传输速率提高至少20%。