Different types of dual-junction solar cells (perovskite/silicon and GaInP/(Al)GaAs) are used in an investigation of measurement uncertainty for electrical characterization of multi-junction solar cells. A method traceable to international reference standards is presented. The spectral mismatch factor matrix is introduced and used with a Monte-Carlo method including manifold correlated and uncorrelated uncertainties. In this way, a detailed analysis of the solar simulator's spectral irradiance and its influence on uncertainty becomes possible. The use of subcell-adapted and broadband reference solar cells is addressed regarding their impact on uncertainty. This allows for finding optimal conditions for calibration with lowest measurement uncertainty. The short-circuit current of a series connected multi-junction solar cell is affected by luminescence coupling and other effects. With an experimental method it is shown how the uncertainty of the device short-circuit current can be precisely determined. The spectrometric characterization method allows deriving uncertainties of all I–V parameters. In this way a complete evaluation of measurement uncertainty for the calibration of multi-junction solar cells at standard testing conditions is introduced. This article is an extension to our work presented at the 46th IEEE PVSC. Here, we have added a detailed analysis of the influence of different solar simulator spectral irradiance distributions on measurement uncertainty by evaluating a Monte Carlo simulation introducing correlation coefficients. In addition for the first time, it is shown how luminescent coupling influences the calibration of multi-junction solar cells and how the effect needs to be implemented into the uncertainty of measurement for the short-circuit current as well as efficiency.

中文翻译：

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不同太阳能模拟器和参考设备的多结太阳能电池 I-V 校准中的测量不确定度

不同类型的双结太阳能电池（钙钛矿/硅和 GaInP/(Al)GaAs）用于研究多结太阳能电池电气特性的测量不确定度。介绍了一种可追溯到国际参考标准的方法。引入频谱失配因子矩阵并与包括流形相关和不相关不确定性的蒙特卡罗方法一起使用。通过这种方式，可以详细分析太阳模拟器的光谱辐照度及其对不确定性的影响。解决了子电池适应和宽带参考太阳能电池对不确定性的影响的使用。这允许找到具有最低测量不确定度的校准的最佳条件。串联多结太阳能电池的短路电流受发光耦合等效应的影响。通过实验方法展示了如何精确确定器件短路电流的不确定度。光谱表征方法允许推导出所有 I-V 参数的不确定性。通过这种方式，引入了在标准测试条件下对多结太阳能电池校准的测量不确定度的完整评估。本文是我们在第 46 届 IEEE PVSC 上所做工作的延伸。在这里，我们通过评估引入相关系数的蒙特卡罗模拟，添加了对不同太阳模拟器光谱辐照度分布对测量不确定性影响的详细分析。此外，第一次，