The consumption of lithium iron phosphate (LFP)-type lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) is rising sharply with the increasing use of electric vehicles (EVs) worldwide. Hence, a large number of retired LFP batteries from EVs are generated annually. A recovery technology for spent LFP batteries is urgently required. Compared with pyrometallurgical, hydrometallurgical and biometallurgical recycling technologies, physical separating technology has not yet formed a systematic theory and efficient sorting technology. Strengthening the research and development of physical separating technology is an important issue for the efficient use of retired LFP batteries. In this study, spent LFP batteries were discharged in 5 wt% sodium chloride solution for approximately three hours. A specially designed machine was developed to dismantle spent LFP batteries. Extending heat treatment time exerted minimal effect on quality loss. Within the temperature range of 240°C–300°C, temperature change during heat treatment slightly affected mass loss. The change in heat treatment temperature also had negligible effect on the shedding quality of LFP materials. The cathode material and the aluminium foil current collector accounted for a certain proportion in a sieve with a particle size of −1.25 + 0.40 mm. Corona electrostatic separation was performed to separate the metallic particles (with a size range of –1.5 + 0.2 mm) from the nonmetallic particles of crushed spent LFP batteries. No additional reagent was used in the process, and no toxic gases, hazardous solid waste or wastewater were produced. This study provides a complete material recovery process for spent LFP batteries.

中文翻译：

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从废磷酸铁锂电池中回收正极材料的环保技术

随着全球电动汽车 (EV) 使用量的增加，磷酸铁锂 (LFP) 型锂离子电池 (LIB) 的消费量急剧上升。因此，每年都会产生大量来自电动汽车的退役 L​​FP 电池。迫切需要废旧 LFP 电池的回收技术。与火法冶金、湿法冶金和生物冶金回收技术相比，物理分离技术尚未形成系统的理论和高效的分选技术。加强物理分离技术的研发，是高效利用退役磷酸铁锂电池的重要课题。在这项研究中，废 LFP 电池在 5 wt% 氯化钠溶液中放电约 3 小时。开发了一种专门设计的机器来拆除用过的 LFP 电池。延长热处理时间对质量损失的影响最小。在 240°C–300°C 的温度范围内，热处理过程中的温度变化对质量损失的影响很小。热处理温度的变化对 LFP 材料的脱落质量的影响也可以忽略不计。正极材料和铝箔集流体在粒度为-1.25±0.40mm的筛子中占一定比例。进行电晕静电分离以将金属颗粒（尺寸范围为 –1.5 + 0.2 毫米）与粉碎的废 LFP 电池的非金属颗粒分离。过程中不使用额外试剂，不产生有毒气体、有害固体废物或废水。该研究为废旧 LFP 电池提供了完整的材料回收过程。