Seborrhoeic dermatitis/dandruff (SD/D) is a common, persistent, relapsing inflammatory condition affecting the areas rich in sebaceous glands. SD/D is widely prevalent in India but Malassezia species implicated are not well studied. To estimate the prevalence and spectrum of Malassezia species causing SD/D and understand the sociodemographic characteristics of SD/D in rural and urban populations, a total of 200 SD/D patients and 100 healthy controls (HC) from both rural and urban backgrounds were enrolled in this study. SD/D severity was clinically graded as mild, moderate, severe, and very severe. The isolates were identified by phenotypic characters and confirmed by ITS2 PCR-RFLP and sequencing of the ITS region of rDNA. Severe (59%) and very severe (71%) form of SD/D was higher in the rural population compared to the urban population (P = .004). The isolation rate of Malassezia was significantly higher in overall SD/D patients scalp (82%) compared to HC (67%) (P = .005). From the scalp of SD/D patients, M. globosa (36.2%) was predominantly isolated followed by M. restricta (31.3%), M. furfur (15.7%), a mixture of M. globosa and M. restricta (12%) or M. arunalokei (4.8%). Similarly, M. globosa (49.3%) was predominately isolated from the scalp of HC followed by M. restricta (22.4%). M. restricta was significantly higher in the scalp of SD/D patients compared to HC and/or nasolabial fold of both SD/D patients and HC (P = .0001). Our findings indicate that M. restricta has a high association with SD/D. More severe disease frequency was observed in the rural population.

中文翻译：

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有和没有脂溢性皮炎/头皮屑的个体中马拉色菌属的社会人口学特征和谱：城市和农村居民的比较。

脂溢性皮炎/头皮屑 (SD/D) 是一种常见的、持续的、复发性炎症，影响皮脂腺丰富的区域。SD/D 在印度广泛流行，但涉及的马拉色菌种尚未得到充分研究。为了估计导致 SD/D的马拉色菌属物种的流行率和谱，并了解农村和城市人群 SD/D 的社会人口学特征，共有 200 名来自农村和城市背景的 SD/D 患者和 100 名健康对照 (HC)参加了这项研究。SD/D 严重程度在临床上分为轻度、中度、重度和非常重度。通过表型特征鉴定分离株，并通过ITS2 PCR-RFLP 和ITS测序确认rDNA 区域。与城市人口相比，农村人口中严重 (59%) 和非常严重 (71%) 形式的 SD/D 更高 ( P  = .004)。与 HC (67%) 相比，总体 SD/D 患者头皮中马拉色菌的分离率显着更高 (82%) ( P  = .005)。从 SD/D 患者的头皮中，主要分离出M. globosa (36.2%)，其次是M. restricta (31.3%) 、M. furfur (15.7%)、M. globosa和M. restricta (12% ) 的混合物) 或M. arunalokei (4.8%)。同样，M. globosa (49.3%) 主要从 HC 的头皮中分离出来，其次是限制性木霉（22.4%）。与 SD/D 患者和 HC 的 HC 和/或鼻唇沟相比，SD/D 患者头皮中的限制性分枝杆菌显着更高 ( P  = .0001)。我们的研究结果表明M. restricta与 SD/D 有很高的关联。在农村人口中观察到更严重的疾病频率。