Manipulating the polarization of light on the micro/nano scale is essential for integrated photonics and quantum optical devices. Nowadays, metasurface allows building on-chip devices that efficiently manipulate the polarization states. However, it remains challenging to generate different types of polarization states simultaneously, which is required to encode information for quantum computing and quantum cryptography applications. By introducing geometrical-scaling-induced (GSI) phase modulations, we demonstrate that an assembly of circularly polarized (CP) and linearly polarized (LP) states can be simultaneously generated by a single metasurface made of L-shaped resonators with different geometrical features. Upon illumination, each resonator diffracts the CP state with a certain GSI phase. The interaction of these diffractions leads to the desired output beams, where the polarization state and the propagation direction can be accurately tuned by selecting the geometrical shape, size, and spatial sequence of each resonator in the unit cell. As an example of potential applications, we show that an image can be encoded with different polarization profiles at different diffraction orders and decoded with a polarization analyzer. This approach resolves a challenging problem in integrated optics and is inspiring for on-chip quantum information processing.

中文翻译：

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利用几何缩放诱导的相位调制同时生成偏振态的任意集合

对于集成的光子学和量子光学器件，在微米/纳米尺度上控制光的偏振至关重要。如今，超颖表面允许构建可有效控制极化状态的片上设备。然而，同时产生不同类型的极化状态仍然是挑战，这对于量子计算和量子密码学应用的信息编码是必需的。通过引入几何缩放诱发的（GSI）相位调制，我们证明了圆偏振（CP）和线偏振（LP）态的组合可以通过由具有不同几何特征的L形谐振器制成的单个超颖表面同时生成。在照明时，每个谐振器以一定的GSI相位衍射CP状态。这些衍射的相互作用导致产生所需的输出光束，在其中可以通过选择单位晶格中每个谐振器的几何形状，大小和空间顺序来精确地调整偏振态和传播方向。作为潜在应用的示例，我们表明可以使用不同的偏振分布，不同的衍射级对图像进行编码，并使用偏振分析仪进行解码。这种方法解决了集成光学中的一个难题，并且正在激发片上量子信息处理技术。我们表明，可以使用不同的衍射谱以不同的衍射级对图像进行编码，并使用偏振分析仪进行解码。这种方法解决了集成光学中的一个难题，并且正在激发片上量子信息处理技术。我们表明，可以使用不同的衍射谱以不同的衍射级对图像进行编码，并使用偏振分析仪进行解码。这种方法解决了集成光学中的一个难题，并且正在激发片上量子信息处理技术。