Bacteriophages are the most abundant form of life on earth and are present everywhere. The total number of bacteriophages has been estimated to be 1032 virions. The main division of bacteriophages is based on the type of nucleic acid (DNA or RNA) and on the structure of the capsid. Due to the significant increase in the number of multi-drug-resistant bacteria, bacteriophages could be a useful tool as an alternative to antibiotics in experimental therapies to prevent and to control bacterial infections in people and animals. The aim of this review was to discuss the history of phage therapy as a replacement for antibiotics, in response to EU regulations prohibiting the use of antibiotics in livestock, and to present current examples and results of experimental phage treatments in comparison to antibiotics. The use of bacteriophages to control human infections has had a high success rate, especially in mixed infections caused mainly by Staphylococcus, Pseudomonas, Enterobacter, and Enterococcus. Bacteriophages have also proven to be an effective tool in experimental treatments for combating diseases in livestock.

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实验性噬菌体疗法在牲畜中的功效

噬菌体是地球上最丰富的生命形式，无处不在。噬菌体总数估计为1032病毒体。噬菌体的主要分裂基于核酸（DNA或RNA）的类型和衣壳的结构。由于多重耐药细菌的数量显着增加，噬菌体可能是一种有用的工具，可作为抗生素替代实验疗法，以预防和控制人和动物的细菌感染。本综述的目的是讨论噬菌体治疗作为抗生素替代品的历史，以响应欧盟禁止在牲畜中使用抗生素的规定，并介绍目前与抗生素相比的实验性噬菌体治疗的例子和结果。使用噬菌体控制人类感染的成功率很高，尤其是在主要由葡萄球菌,假单胞菌属,肠杆菌属， 和肠球菌. 噬菌体也被证明是对抗牲畜疾病的实验性治疗的有效工具。