Airway epithelial cells, which lines the respiratory mucosa is in direct contact with the environment. Airway epithelial cells are the primary target for rhinovirus and other inhaled pathogens. In response to rhinovirus infection, airway epithelial cells mount both pro-inflammatory responses and antiviral innate immune responses to clear the virus efficiently. Some of the antiviral responses include the expression of IFNs, endoplasmic reticulum stress induced unfolded protein response and autophagy. Airway epithelial cells also recruits other innate immune cells to establish antiviral state and resolve the inflammation in the lungs. In patients with chronic lung disease, these responses may be either defective or induced in excess leading to deficient clearing of virus and sustained inflammation. In this review, we will discuss the mechanisms underlying antiviral innate immunity and the dysregulation of some of these mechanisms in patients with chronic lung diseases.

呼吸道粘膜内的气道上皮细胞与环境直接接触。气道上皮细胞是鼻病毒和其他吸入病原体的主要目标。为了应对鼻病毒感染，气道上皮细胞会产生促炎反应和抗病毒先天免疫反应，以有效清除病毒。一些抗病毒反应包括干扰素的表达、内质网应激诱导的未折叠蛋白反应和自噬。气道上皮细胞还招募其他先天免疫细胞来建立抗病毒状态并解决肺部炎症。在慢性肺病患者中，这些反应可能有缺陷或过度诱导，导致病毒清除不足和持续炎症。在这篇综述中，我们将讨论抗病毒先天免疫的潜在机制以及慢性肺病患者中某些机制的失调。