Airway epithelial cells, which lines the respiratory mucosa is in direct contact with the environment. Airway epithelial cells are the primary target for rhinovirus and other inhaled pathogens. In response to rhinovirus infection, airway epithelial cells mount both pro-inflammatory responses and antiviral innate immune responses to clear the virus efficiently. Some of the antiviral responses include the expression of IFNs, endoplasmic reticulum stress induced unfolded protein response and autophagy. Airway epithelial cells also recruits other innate immune cells to establish antiviral state and resolve the inflammation in the lungs. In patients with chronic lung disease, these responses may be either defective or induced in excess leading to deficient clearing of virus and sustained inflammation. In this review, we will discuss the mechanisms underlying antiviral innate immunity and the dysregulation of some of these mechanisms in patients with chronic lung diseases.

呼吸道粘膜周围的气道上皮细胞与环境直接接触。气道上皮细胞是鼻病毒和其他吸入性病原体的主要靶标。响应鼻病毒感染，气道上皮细胞会同时发生促炎反应和抗病毒先天免疫反应，从而有效清除病毒。一些抗病毒应答包括IFN的表达，内质网应激诱导的未折叠蛋白应答和自噬。气道上皮细胞还募集其他先天免疫细胞以建立抗病毒状态并解决肺部炎症。在患有慢性肺部疾病的患者中，这些反应可能是缺陷的或过度诱导的，导致病毒清除不足和持续的炎症。在这篇评论中