Gait-phase-dependent and gait-phase-independent cortical activity across multiple regions involved in voluntary gait modifications in humans,European Journal of Neuroscience

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Gait-phase-dependent and gait-phase-independent cortical activity across multiple regions involved in voluntary gait modifications in humans
European Journal of Neuroscience ( IF 2.7 ) Pub Date : 2020-06-18 , DOI: 10.1111/ejn.14867
Hikaru Yokoyama _{1,

2,

3} , Naotsugu Kaneko _{3,

4} , Yohei Masugi _{4,

5} , Tetsuya Ogawa _{4,

6} , Katsumi Watanabe _{7,

8,

9} , Kimitaka Nakazawa ₄

Affiliation

Modification of ongoing walking movement to fit changes in external environments requires accurate voluntary control. In cats, the motor and posterior parietal cortices have crucial roles for precisely adjusting limb trajectory during walking. In human walking, however, it remains unclear which cortical information contributes to voluntary gait modification. In this study, we investigated cortical activity changes associated with visually guided precision stepping using electroencephalography source analysis. Our results demonstrated frequency- and gait-event-dependent changes in the cortical power spectrum elicited by voluntary gait modification. The main differences between normal walking and precision stepping were as follows: (a) the alpha, beta or gamma power decrease during the swing phases in the sensorimotor, anterior cingulate and parieto-occipital cortices, and (b) a power decrease in the theta, alpha and beta bands and increase in the gamma band throughout the gait cycle in the parieto-occipital cortex. Based on the previous knowledge of brain functions, the former change was considered to be related to execution and planning of leg movement, while the latter change was considered to be related to multisensory integration and motor awareness. Therefore, our results suggest that the gait modification is achieved by higher cortical involvements associated with different sensorimotor-related functions across multiple cortical regions including the sensorimotor, anterior cingulate and parieto-occipital cortices. The results imply the critical importance of the cortical contribution to voluntary modification in human locomotion. Further, the observed cortical information related to voluntary gait modification would contribute to developing volitional control systems of brain–machine interfaces for walking rehabilitation.

中文翻译：

涉及人类自愿步态改变的多个区域的步态依赖性和步态非依赖性皮质活动

改变正在进行的步行运动以适应外部环境的变化需要准确的自愿控制。在猫中，运动和后顶叶皮质对于在行走过程中精确调整肢体轨迹具有至关重要的作用。然而，在人类行走中，尚不清楚哪些皮层信息有助于自愿步态改变。在这项研究中，我们使用脑电图源分析调查了与视觉引导的精确步进相关的皮质活动变化。我们的结果表明，自愿步态改变引起的皮质功率谱发生频率和步态事件相关的变化。正常步行和精确步进之间的主要区别如下：(a) 在感觉运动的摆动阶段，α、β 或 γ 功率降低，前扣带回和顶枕叶皮层，以及 (b) 在顶枕皮层的整个步态周期中，θ、α 和 β 带的功率降低，而 γ 带的功率增加。基于先前对大脑功能的了解，前者的变化被认为与腿部运动的执行和计划有关，而后者的变化被认为与多感觉统合和运动意识有关。因此，我们的研究结果表明，步态改变是通过与多个皮层区域（包括感觉运动、前扣带回和顶枕叶皮质）的不同感觉运动相关功能相关的更高皮质参与来实现的。结果表明皮层对人类运动中的自愿改变的贡献至关重要。更远，

更新日期：2020-06-18

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