Melanoma presents challenges for timely and accurate diagnosis. Expert panels have issued risk‐based screening guidelines, with recommended screening by visual inspection. To assess how recent technology can impact the risk/benefit considerations for melanoma screening, we comprehensively reviewed non‐invasive visual‐based technologies. Dermoscopy increases lesional diagnostic accuracy for both dermatologists and primary care providers; total body photography and sequential digital dermoscopic imaging also increase diagnostic accuracy, are supported by automated lesion detection and tracking, and may be best suited to use by dermatologists for longitudinal follow‐up. Specialized imaging modalities using non‐visible light technology have unproven benefit over dermoscopy and can be limited by cost, access, and training requirements. Mobile apps facilitate image capture and lesion tracking. Teledermatology has good concordance with face‐to‐face consultation and increases access, with increased accuracy using dermoscopy. Deep learning models can surpass dermatologist accuracy, but their clinical utility has yet to be demonstrated. Technology‐aided diagnosis may change the calculus of screening; however, well‐designed prospective trials are needed to assess the efficacy of these different technologies, alone and in combination to support refinement of guidelines for melanoma screening.

中文翻译：

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技术在黑色素瘤筛查和诊断中的作用

黑色素瘤对及时准确的诊断提出了挑战。专家小组发布了基于风险的筛查指南，推荐通过目视检查进行筛查。为了评估最新技术如何影响黑色素瘤筛查的风险/收益考虑，我们全面审查了基于视觉的非侵入性技术。皮肤镜检查提高了皮肤科医生和初级保健提供者的病变诊断准确性；全身摄影和连续数字皮肤镜成像也提高了诊断准确性，由自动病变检测和跟踪提供支持，可能最适合皮肤科医生进行纵向随访。使用非可见光技术的专业成像模式与皮肤镜检查相比具有未经证实的优势，并且可能受到成本、访问和培训要求的限制。移动应用程序有助于图像捕获和病变跟踪。远程皮肤科与面对面会诊有很好的一致性，增加了访问量，使用皮肤镜检查提高了准确性。深度学习模型可以超越皮肤科医生的准确性，但其临床效用尚未得到证实。技术辅助诊断可能会改变筛查方法；然而，需要精心设计的前瞻性试验来评估这些不同技术单独和组合的功效，以支持完善黑色素瘤筛查指南。技术辅助诊断可能会改变筛查的计算；然而，需要精心设计的前瞻性试验来评估这些不同技术单独和组合的功效，以支持完善黑色素瘤筛查指南。技术辅助诊断可能会改变筛查的计算；然而，需要精心设计的前瞻性试验来评估这些不同技术单独和组合的功效，以支持完善黑色素瘤筛查指南。