Gravity waves (GWs) generated by tropical convection are important for the simulation of large‐scale atmospheric circulations, for example, the quasi‐biennial oscillation (QBO), and small‐scale phenomena like clear‐air turbulence. However, the simulation of these waves still poses a challenge due to the inaccurate representation of convection, and the high computational costs of global, cloud‐resolving models. Methods combining models with observations are needed to gain the necessary knowledge on GW generation, propagation, and dissipation so that we may encode this knowledge into fast parameterized physics for global weather and climate simulation or turbulence forecasting. We present a new method suitable for rapid simulation of realistic convective GWs. Here, we associate the profile of latent heating with two parameters: precipitation rate and cloud top height. Full‐physics cloud‐resolving WRF simulations are used to develop a lookup table for converting instantaneous radar precipitation rates and echo top measurements into a high‐resolution, time‐dependent latent heating field. The heating field from these simulations is then used to force an idealized dry version of the WRF model. We validate the method by comparing simulated precipitation rates and cloud tops with scanning radar observations and by comparing the GW field in the idealized simulations to satellite measurements. Our results suggest that including variable cloud top height in the derivation of the latent heating profiles leads to better representation of the GWs compared to using only the precipitation rate. The improvement is especially noticeable with respect to wave amplitudes. This improved representation also affects the forcing of GWs on large‐scale circulation.

中文翻译：

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利用雷达观测的降水率和回波顶高对热带大气重力波进行真实模拟


热带对流产生的重力波（GW）对于模拟大规模大气环流（例如准两年一次振荡（QBO））和晴空湍流等小规模现象非常重要。然而，由于对流的不准确表示以及全局云解析模型的高计算成本，这些波的模拟仍然面临挑战。需要将模型与观测相结合的方法来获得有关引力波产生、传播和消散的必要知识，以便我们可以将这些知识编码到快速参数化物理学中，用于全球天气和气候模拟或湍流预报。我们提出了一种适合快速模拟真实对流引力波的新方法。在这里，我们将潜热分布与两个参数相关联：降水率和云顶高度。全物理云解析 WRF 模拟用于开发一个查找表，用于将瞬时雷达降水率和回波顶测量值转换为高分辨率、与时间相关的潜热场。然后使用这些模拟产生的加热场来强制形成 WRF 模型的理想干燥版本。我们通过将模拟降水率和云顶与扫描雷达观测结果进行比较，并将理想模拟中的重力场场与卫星测量结果进行比较，验证了该方法。我们的结果表明，与仅使用降水率相比，在潜在加热剖面的推导中包括可变的云顶高度可以更好地表示重力波。对于波幅而言，这种改进尤其明显。这种改进的代表性也影响了 GW 对大规模流通的强迫。