Osteoarthritis (OA) is one of the most common musculoskeletal diseases, caused by cellular inflammatory responses and subsequent structural disruption in osteochondral extracellular matrix (ECM) in cartilage tissues. Various cell‐therapies have been recently developed via the exogenous administration of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) due to their intrinsic regenerative capacity of self‐renewal and chondrogenic differentiation. However, MSC‐based cellular approaches have exhibited some technical limitations including dedifferentiation during MSC expansion, reduction of regenerative efficacy upon administration, and inconsistent quality control in large‐scale cell production. To overcome these disadvantages, exosome mediated cartilage tissue regeneration has been investigated. Since exosome derived from MSC (MSC‐exosome) transport and deliver multiple cellular components from their original MSC sources, they could be utilized as alternative therapeutic agents for OA treatment. Recent studies have shown that the administration of MSC‐exosome effectively reduced a production of inflammatory cytokines in chondrocytes, increased the expression of cartilage ECM component, and eventually augment cartilage tissue regeneration in a series of in vivo studies. Therefore, this review emphasizes current engineering approaches via MSC‐exosome for cartilage tissue repair, as a functional OA treatment technique.

中文翻译：

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间充质干细胞衍生的外来体，可有效地修复软骨组织和治疗骨关节炎。

骨关节炎（OA）是最常见的肌肉骨骼疾病之一，由软骨组织中的细胞炎症反应和随后软骨细胞外基质（ECM）的结构破坏引起。由于它们具有自我更新和软骨分化的内在再生能力，最近通过外源性间充质干细胞（MSC）的使用开发了各种细胞疗法。但是，基于MSC的细胞方法已经表现出一些技术局限性，包括MSC扩增过程中的去分化，给药后再生功效的降低以及大规模细胞生产中质量控制的不一致。为了克服这些缺点，已经研究了外来体介导的软骨组织再生。由于源自MSC的外泌体（MSC-外泌体）从其原始MSC来源转运并递送多种细胞成分，因此它们可用作OA治疗的替代治疗剂。最近的研究表明，在一系列体内研究中，给予MSC-外泌体有效地减少了软骨细胞中炎性细胞因子的产生，增加了软骨ECM成分的表达，并最终增强了软骨组织的再生。因此，本综述着重介绍了通过MSC外泌体进行软骨组织修复的当前工程方法，作为一种功能性OA治疗技术。最近的研究表明，在一系列体内研究中，给予MSC-外泌体有效地减少了软骨细胞中炎性细胞因子的产生，增加了软骨ECM成分的表达，并最终增强了软骨组织的再生。因此，本综述着重介绍了通过MSC外泌体进行软骨组织修复的当前工程方法，作为一种功能性OA治疗技术。最近的研究表明，在一系列体内研究中，给予MSC-外泌体有效地减少了软骨细胞中炎性细胞因子的产生，增加了软骨ECM成分的表达，并最终增强了软骨组织的再生。因此，本综述着重介绍了通过功能性骨关节炎治疗技术通过MSC外泌体进行软骨组织修复的当前工程方法。