Encephalopathy and encephalitis are major and devastating severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus‐2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) virus‐associated central nervous system complications. Hypoxic/metabolic changes produced by intense inflammatory response against the virus triggers cytokine storm and subsequently acute respiratory distress syndrome and multiple organ failure. Hypoxic/metabolic changes result in encephalopathy. The presence of comorbidities predisposes to hypoxic/metabolic changes responsible for encephalopathy. Altered consciousness, ranging from mild confusion, delirium, to deep coma, is hallmark clinical features. Cortical and subcortical T2/FLAIR signal changes are common neuroimaging abnormalities. In a few isolated case reports of SARS‐CoV‐2 encephalitis, the virus has been demonstrated in cerebrospinal fluid. The presence of anosmia and ageusia can help in differentiation from other encephalopathies. We analyzed published reports on coronavirus disease 2019‐associated encephalopathy. Encephalopathy is common in older patients, the majority are more than 50 years of age. The patients having encephalopathy/encephalitis are either severely or critically ill. Many patients were already on mechanical ventilation. Lung abnormalities are noted in almost all of the patients, presenting with encephalopathy. Encephalopathy is always preceded by commoner clinical features, like, fever, cough, dyspnoea, and headache. In majority, patients are already in the intensive care unit, when encephalopathy develops.

中文翻译：

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COVID-19患者的脑病：综述。

脑病和脑炎是严重的破坏性严重的急性呼吸系统综合症冠状病毒2（SARS-CoV-2）病毒相关的中枢神经系统并发症。由针对该病毒的强烈炎症反应产生的低氧/代谢变化触发细胞因子风暴，随后引发急性呼吸窘迫综合征和多器官衰竭。缺氧/代谢变化导致脑病。合并症的存在易导致脑病的低氧/代谢变化。从轻度意识模糊，ir妄到深层昏迷不等的意识改变是临床特征。皮质和皮质下T2 / FLAIR信号变化是常见的神经影像异常。在少数几例SARS-CoV-2脑炎病例报告中，该病毒已在脑脊液中被证实。嗅觉失常和听觉异常可以帮助区别于其他脑病。我们分析了有关2019年冠状病毒疾病相关脑病的已发表报告。脑病在老年患者中很常见，大多数都在50岁以上。脑病/脑炎患者患有重症或重症。许多患者已经进行了机械通气。几乎所有患者均出现肺部异常，表现为脑病。脑病总是先有常见的临床特征，例如发烧，咳嗽，呼吸困难和头痛。大多数情况下，脑病发展时，患者已经在重症监护室。脑病在老年患者中很常见，大多数都在50岁以上。脑病/脑炎患者患有重症或重症。许多患者已经进行了机械通气。几乎所有患者均出现肺部异常，表现为脑病。脑病总是先有常见的临床特征，例如发烧，咳嗽，呼吸困难和头痛。大多数情况下，脑病发展时，患者已经在重症监护室。脑病在老年患者中很常见，大多数都在50岁以上。脑病/脑炎患者患有重症或重症。许多患者已经进行了机械通气。几乎所有患者均出现肺部异常，表现为脑病。脑病总是先有常见的临床特征，例如发烧，咳嗽，呼吸困难和头痛。大多数情况下，脑病发展时，患者已经在重症监护室。脑病总是先有常见的临床特征，例如发烧，咳嗽，呼吸困难和头痛。大多数情况下，脑病发展时，患者已经在重症监护室。脑病总是先有常见的临床特征，例如发烧，咳嗽，呼吸困难和头痛。大多数情况下，脑病发展时，患者已经在重症监护室。