Toxicity of smoke generated in a fire is difficult to measure accurately. That is because gas sensors for measuring rapidly varying concentrations of toxic gases are not yet developed. Simple expressions are searched for quick measurement in assessing smoke toxicity practically. Four equations on calculating fractional effective dose (FED) related to toxic effluents were reported in the literature, each based on different assumptions. FED value was proposed to be calculated based on peak carbon monoxide concentration and peak carbon dioxide concentration, and transient carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, and oxygen concentrations. The four values were compared in this article using literature data on toxic gases from different materials measured by (i) cone calorimeter; (ii) full‐scale burning tests; and (iii) tunnel full‐scale tests. Measured carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, and oxygen concentrations by standard equipment of oxygen consumption calorimeters were used to calculate the four FED values. It is found that the values of FED based on peak carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide concentrations (denoted as FED₂) are similar to the average values of FED calculated from the updated equation in the literature using the oxygen consumption calorimeters. Putting the values of FED₂ in fire safety design guides is then recommended.

中文翻译：

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通过分数有效剂量的四个表达式评估燃烧性可燃物的烟雾毒性

火灾中产生的烟雾的毒性很难准确测量。这是因为尚未开发出用于测量迅速变化的有毒气体浓度的气体传感器。搜索简单的表达式以快速测量实际评估烟气毒性。文献中报道了四个计算与毒性废水有关的有效分数（FED）的方程式，每个方程式基于不同的假设。提议根据一氧化碳峰值和二氧化碳峰值以及瞬时一氧化碳，二氧化碳和氧气的浓度来计算FED值。本文使用文献数据比较了这四个值，这些文献数据是通过（i）锥形量热仪测量的，来自不同材料的有毒气体的数据。（ii）全面燃烧测试；（iii）隧道全面测试。通过耗氧量热仪的标准设备测得的一氧化碳，二氧化碳和氧气浓度用于计算四个FED值。发现基于一氧化碳峰值和二氧化碳浓度的FED值（表示为FED）₂）类似于使用耗氧量热计从文献中的更新方程式计算得出的FED平均值。然后建议将FED ₂的值放入消防安全设计指南中。