Abstract Diabetes is one of the fastest growing diseases worldwide that can lead to dangerous complications. Therefore, the demand for the development of optimal glucose sensors has increased for diabetes disease management. In this study, a non-enzymatic glucose sensor based on a reduced graphene oxide and nickel oxide (rGO/NiO) nanocomposite was developed. This novel rGO/NiO nanocomposite was synthesized using a facile and rapid green economic microwave-assisted hydrothermal method in the absence and presence of organic/reducing agents and subcritical water, respectively. The morphology and composition of the as-prepared rGO/NiO nanocomposite were characterized via X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared, energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry, and field emission scanning electron microscopy. The electrochemical performance of the rGO/NiO-modified electrode was examined by cyclic and square wave voltammetric techniques under optimal conditions. The results indicated that the developed rGO/NiO electrode exhibited a good performance toward glucose detection in 0.1 M NaOH alkaline solution with two linear electrochemical responses to glucose ranging from 20 μM to 80μM and from 1mM to 15 mM. Moreover, the detection limit was 19.35 μM ([S/N] = 3). The fabricated sensor was also investigated for the detection of glucose in the presence of common interfering species. Thus, the sensor exhibited good sensitivity and selectivity and was repeatable, stable, and economical for non-enzymatic glucose detection. Additionally, the proposed sensor was successfully applied for glucose detection in human serum samples with satisfactory recoveries.

中文翻译：

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用于糖尿病血糖检测的 rGO/NiO 纳米复合材料的快速微波辅助水热绿色合成

摘要 糖尿病是全球发展最快的疾病之一，可导致危险的并发症。因此，糖尿病疾病管理对开发最佳葡萄糖传感器的需求增加。在这项研究中，开发了一种基于还原氧化石墨烯和氧化镍 (rGO/NiO) 纳米复合材料的非酶葡萄糖传感器。这种新型 rGO/NiO 纳米复合材料是在分别不存在和存在有机/还原剂和亚临界水的情况下，使用简便快速的绿色经济微波辅助水热法合成的。通过 X 射线衍射、傅里叶变换红外光谱、能量色散 X 射线光谱法和场发射扫描电子显微镜表征所制备的 rGO/NiO 纳米复合材料的形态和组成。在最佳条件下，通过循环和方波伏安技术检测了 rGO/NiO 修饰电极的电化学性能。结果表明，所开发的 rGO/NiO 电极在 0.1 M NaOH 碱性溶液中对葡萄糖检测表现出良好的性能，对葡萄糖的两种线性电化学响应范围为 20 μM 至 80 μM 和 1 mM 至 15 mM。此外，检测限为 19.35 μM ([S/N] = 3)。还研究了制造的传感器在常见干扰物质存在下检测葡萄糖。因此，该传感器表现出良好的灵敏度和选择性，并且对于非酶促葡萄糖检测具有可重复性、稳定性和经济性。此外，所提出的传感器已成功应用于人血清样品中的葡萄糖检测，回收率令人满意。