Mucosa are the routes of entry of most pathogens into animals' organisms. Reducing the important global burden of mucosal infectious diseases in livestock animals is required in the field of veterinary public health. For veterinary respiratory pathogens, one possible strategy is the development of intranasal (IN) DNA vaccination. The aim of this study was to assess the feasibility of IN DNA vaccination in pigs, an important species in livestock production industry, and a source of zoonotic diseases. To achieve this goal, we used a DNA vaccine against pseudorabies virus (PrV) encoding the immunogenic glycoprotein B (pcDNA3-gB plasmid). When pigs were inoculated with the naked DNA vaccine through the IN route, PrV-specific IgG and IgA type antibodies were detected in porcine sera. Interestingly, mucosal salivary IgA antibodies against PrV were also detected, at similar levels to those measured following intramuscular injection (positive controls). Furthermore, the IN delivery of pcDNA3-gB combined with PLGA-PEI nanoparticles resulted in similar levels of antibodies but was associated with an increase in the duration of detection of mucosal IgA for 2 out of 3 pigs. Our results suggest that there is room to improve the efficacy of IN DNA vaccination in pigs through optimization of IN inoculations, for example by using nanoparticles such as PLGA-PEI. Further studies will be dedicated to optimizing and testing the protective potential of IN DNA vaccination procedures against PrV.

粘膜是大多数病原体进入动物有机体的途径。在兽医公共卫生领域，需要减轻牲畜粘膜传染病的重要全球负担。对于兽医呼吸道病原体，一种可能的策略是开发鼻内（IN）DNA疫苗。这项研究的目的是评估猪中IN DNA疫苗接种的可行性，猪是畜牧业的重要物种，也是人畜共患疾病的来源。为了实现这一目标，我们使用了针对伪狂犬病病毒（PrV）的DNA疫苗，该疫苗编码了免疫原性糖蛋白B（pcDNA3-gB质粒）。当猪通过IN途径接种裸DNA疫苗时，在猪血清中检测到PrV特异性IgG和IgA型抗体。有趣的是 还检测到了针对PrV的粘膜唾液IgA抗体，其水平与肌肉注射后（阳性对照）的水平相近。此外，与PLGA-PEI纳米颗粒结合的IN传递的pcDNA3-gB导致相似水平的抗体，但与3头猪中2头粘膜IgA的检测时间增加有关。我们的结果表明，通过优化IN接种，例如使用PLGA-PEI等纳米颗粒，可以提高猪IN DNA疫苗接种效率的空间。进一步的研究将致力于优化和测试IN DNA疫苗接种程序针对PrV的保护潜力。pcDNA3-gB与PLGA-PEI纳米颗粒组合的IN递送可产生相似水平的抗体，但与3头猪中2头粘膜IgA的检测时间增加相关。我们的结果表明，通过优化IN接种，例如使用PLGA-PEI等纳米颗粒，可以提高猪IN DNA疫苗接种效率的空间。进一步的研究将致力于优化和测试IN DNA疫苗接种程序针对PrV的保护潜力。pcDNA3-gB与PLGA-PEI纳米颗粒组合的IN递送可产生相似水平的抗体，但与3头猪中2头的粘膜IgA检测持续时间增加相关。我们的结果表明，通过优化IN接种，例如使用PLGA-PEI等纳米颗粒，可以提高猪IN DNA疫苗接种效率的空间。进一步的研究将致力于优化和测试IN DNA疫苗接种程序针对PrV的保护潜力。例如通过使用纳米颗粒如PLGA-PEI。进一步的研究将致力于优化和测试IN DNA疫苗接种程序针对PrV的保护潜力。例如通过使用纳米颗粒如PLGA-PEI。进一步的研究将致力于优化和测试IN DNA疫苗接种程序针对PrV的保护潜力。