In recent years, the incorporation of molecular enzymes into nanostructured frameworks to create efficient energy conversion biomaterials has gained increasing interest as a promising strategy owing to both the dynamic behavior of proteins for their electrocatalytic function and the unique properties of the synergistic interactions between proteins and nanosized materials. Herein, we review the impact of proteins on energy conversion fields and the contribution of proteins to the improved activity of the resulting nanocomposites. We address different strategies to fabricate protein-based nanocatalysts as well as current knowledge on the structure–function relationships of enzymes during the catalytic processes. Additionally, a comprehensive review of state-of-the-art bioelectrocatalytic materials for water-splitting reactions such as hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reactions (OER) is afforded. Finally, we briefly envision opportunities to develop a new generation of electrocatalysts towards the electrochemical reduction of N₂ to NH₃ using theoretical tools to built nature-inspired nitrogen reduction reaction catalysts.

近年来，由于蛋白质的电催化功能的动态行为以及蛋白质与纳米级分子之间协同相互作用的独特性质，将分子酶掺入纳米结构框架中以产生有效的能量转换生物材料已成为一种有前途的战略，因此引起了越来越多的兴趣。材料。在这里，我们审查了蛋白质对能量转换领域的影响以及蛋白质对所得纳米复合材料活性提高的贡献。我们讨论了制造基于蛋白质的纳米催化剂的不同策略，以及有关催化过程中酶的结构-功能关系的最新知识。另外，提供了用于水分解反应（例如析氢反应（HER）和析氧反应（OER））的最新生物电催化材料的全面综述。最后，我们简要地展望了开发新一代电催化剂以实现N的电化学还原的机会使用理论工具将₂转化为NH _3，以开发受自然启发的氮还原反应催化剂。