For many agricultural systems, limited data is available on abundance and diversity of insects that are not crop pests or their natural enemies. As recent studies suggest that insect abundance and diversity is declining, there is a need to quantify insect diversity within crop fields to determine what role crop fields play in maintaining diversity. In this study, alfalfa fields, almond orchards, vineyards, olive orchards, and pastures located in the San Joaquin Valley of California were sampled. Ground sweep samples were collected from all five habitats. In addition, foliar beat samples were collected from almond orchards, vineyards, and olive orchards. In total, ~ 240,000 arthropods were collected with the majority identified to family. Across crops and sampling methods, 20 arthropod orders and 202 insect families were observed. Hemiptera was the most abundant order of insect collected, representing an average of 61% of all arthropods collected. Diptera was the most diverse order of insect collected, with a total of 59 dipteran families observed across crops. Of the 202 insect families observed, 85 were observed in all 5 habitats (42%), whereas 48 families were observed in only one habitat (24%). Families observed in a single habitat were often represented by only a few individuals. Principal component analysis indicated that the communities present in the understory of vine and tree crops were more similar to each other than to the communities observed in pastures or alfalfa fields. Much of the total insect biomass belonged to a few families that included known agricultural pests. In contrast, most of the diversity was made up of families present in low to moderate abundance.

中文翻译：

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加利福尼亚州圣华金谷葡萄园、杏仁园、橄榄园、苜蓿田和牧场的昆虫多样性

对于许多农业系统，关于不是作物害虫或其天敌的昆虫的丰度和多样性的可用数据有限。由于最近的研究表明昆虫的丰度和多样性正在下降，因此需要量化农田内的昆虫多样性，以确定农田在维持多样性方面发挥的作用。在这项研究中，对位于加利福尼亚州圣华金河谷的苜蓿田、杏仁园、葡萄园、橄榄园和牧场进行了采样。从所有五个栖息地收集地面扫描样本。此外，还从杏仁园、葡萄园和橄榄园收集了叶面拍打样品。总共收集了约 240,000 只节肢动物，其中大多数被确定为家族。通过作物和采样方法，观察到 20 个节肢动物目和 202 个昆虫科。半翅目是收集到的最丰富的昆虫目，平均占收集到的所有节肢动物的 61%。双翅目昆虫是收集到的最多样化的昆虫目，共观察到 59 个双翅目昆虫科。在观察到的 202 个昆虫科中，在所有 5 个栖息地中观察到了 85 个（42%），而仅在一个栖息地中观察到了 48 个科（24%）。在单一栖息地观察到的家庭通常只有少数几个人。主成分分析表明，与在牧场或苜蓿田中观察到的群落相比，存在于葡萄树和乔木作物林下的群落彼此更相似。昆虫总生物量的大部分属于包括已知农业害虫在内的几个科。相比之下，