The deployment of batteries in the distribution networks can provide an array of flexibility services to integrate renewable energy sources (RES) and improve grid operation in general. Hence, this paper presents the problem of optimal placement and sizing of distributed battery energy storage systems (DBESSs) from the viewpoint of distribution system operator to increase the network flexibility. The problem is formulated as an optimization framework wherein the objective function is to minimize the annualized sum of investment costs and operational costs of DBESSs while it is constrained to power flow, DBESS and RES constraints as well as distribution network operation limits. In addition, while the problem model is as nonlinear programming, this paper suggests an equivalent linear programming model for all constraints and quadratic formulation for the objective function to reach the global optimal solution with low error calculation. In the next step, the Benders decomposition approach is deployed to acquire better calculation speed. Finally, the proposed problem is applied to 19-bus LV CIGRE benchmark grid by GAMS software to investigate the capability of the model.

中文翻译：

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智能配电网分布式电池储能系统的灵活性规划

在配电网络中部署电池可以提供一系列灵活性服务，以整合可再生能源 (RES) 并总体上改善电网运行。因此，本文从配电系统运营商的角度提出了分布式电池储能系统 (DBESS) 的最佳布置和大小调整问题，以提高网络灵活性。该问题被表述为一个优化框架，其中的目标函数是在受限于潮流、DBESS 和 RES 约束以及配电网运行限制的情况下，最小化 DBESS 的投资成本和运营成本的年度总和。另外，虽然问题模型是非线性规划，本文提出了所有约束的等效线性规划模型和目标函数的二次公式，以达到具有低误差计算的全局最优解。在下一步中，将部署 Benders 分解方法以获得更好的计算速度。最后，通过 GAMS 软件将所提出的问题应用于 19 总线 LV CIGRE 基准网格，以研究模型的能力。