Priming is considered a potential strategy to counteract the adverse effects of environmental stress factors via the exogenous application of chemicals to improve plant tolerance. In this context, herein, the priming of pepper seeds ( Capsicum annuum L. Tunisian var. ‘Baklouti Medenine’) using different concentrations of hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ; 1–100 mM) was carried out in in vitro culture subjected to abiotic stress. Seed germination was carried out on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium, supplemented with stress-inducing agents: sodium chloride (NaCl 85.55 mM) or polyethylene glycol (PEG 6000, 3%) for induction of salt or drought conditions, respectively. The results revealed that depending in priming concentration and medium culture, H 2 O 2 priming enables faster germination for both salt- or drought-stressed seeds, associated with the decline of mean germination time (MGT), time taken for cumulative germination to reach 50% of its maximum (t50) and germination rate (GR), and the increase in germination index (GI). The primed seeds showed great uniformity, reflected by a reduction in time interval between 25% and 75% of viable seeds to germinate (U 7525 ). Under both stress-free and drought stress conditions, priming at 10 mM H 2 O 2 showed a significant decrease of MGT, t50, and GR and an increase in GI. Similarly, the best uniformity (U 7525 ) was obtained at this priming level. Following salinity stress, application of a low concentration of H 2 O 2 (1 mM) reduced t50 and increased GI, versus no significant changes for MGT and GR and a regression in uniformity. No positive effect was noted for H 2 O 2 priming in the final germination percentage and seedling vigor for all cultures. This study suggests that H 2 O 2 priming invigorates pepper seed germination and alleviates the negative effects of salt and drought via the enhancement of seed tolerance.

中文翻译：

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通过过氧化氢引发辣椒种子活力提高体外盐和干旱胁迫耐受性的效率

引发被认为是通过化学物质的外源应用来提高植物耐受性来抵消环境胁迫因素不利影响的潜在策略。在此背景下，本文中，使用不同浓度的过氧化氢（H 2 O 2 ；1-100 mM）在体外培养中进行辣椒种子（Capsicum annuum L. Tunisian var. 'Baklouti Medenine'）的引发非生物胁迫。种子萌发在 Murashige 和 Skoog (MS) 培养基上进行，辅以应激诱导剂：氯化钠（NaCl 85.55 mM）或聚乙二醇（PEG 6000，3%），分别用于诱导盐或干旱条件。结果表明，根据引发浓度和培养基培养，H 2 O 2 引发能够使盐胁迫或干旱胁迫的种子更快发芽，与平均发芽时间（MGT）下降、累积发芽达到最大值（t50）50%所需时间和发芽率（GR）、发芽指数（GI）增加有关。引发过的种子表现出很大的均匀性，这反映在 25% 到 75% 的有活力种子发芽的时间间隔减少 (U 7525 )。在无胁迫和干旱胁迫条件下，以 10 mM H 2 O 2 引发的 MGT、t50 和 GR 显着降低，GI 增加。类似地，在该引发水平下获得了最佳均匀性 (U 7525 )。在盐胁迫之后，应用低浓度的 H 2 O 2 (1 mM) 降低了 t50 并增加了 GI，而 MGT 和 GR 没有显着变化，并且均匀性回归。对于所有培养物，H 2 O 2 引发对最终发芽百分比和幼苗活力没有任何积极影响。该研究表明，H 2 O 2 引发通过增强种子耐受性来促进辣椒种子萌发并减轻盐和干旱的负面影响。