The rise of consumption of traditional fossil fuels has caused emissions of greenhouse gas and deterioration of air quality. Biomass is a promising substitute for fossil fuels because biomass provides biofuels and chemicals by thermochemical conversion such as pyrolysis. In particular, fast pyrolysis of biomass cellulose into chemicals and biofuels has recently drawn attention. Issues of commercialization of fast pyrolysis products include low heating value, low stability, and high oxygen content and acidity. Consequently, new catalysts for enhanced cellulose conversion are sought for. Here, we review the production of biofuel and renewable chemicals from cellulose pyrolysis using acidic and basic catalysts. Acidic catalysts are more suitable to produce biofuels containing about 50% aromatic hydrocarbons, compared to basic catalysts which give biofuels containing 15% aromatic hydrocarbons. Basic catalysts are preferred to produce renewables chemicals, particularly ketone compounds. We explain the mechanism of cellulose pyrolysis with acidic and basic catalysts. The strong acid sites on the catalyst facilitate high selectivity for aromatic compounds in the pyrolysis oil, whereas basic active sites induce double-bond migration, increase carbon-coupling reactions, and ketone production.

传统化石燃料消耗量的增加已导致温室气体排放和空气质量恶化。生物质是有前途的化石燃料替代品，因为生物质通过热化学转化（例如热解）提供生物燃料和化学物质。特别地，近来生物质纤维素快速热解成化学物质和生物燃料已引起关注。快速热解产物的商业化问题包括低热值，低稳定性以及高氧含量和酸性。因此，正在寻求用于增强纤维素转化率的新催化剂。在这里，我们回顾了使用酸性和碱性催化剂通过纤维素热解生产生物燃料和可再生化学物质的过程。酸性催化剂更适合生产含有约50％芳烃的生物燃料，与碱性催化剂相比，后者可得到含15％芳香烃的生物燃料。碱性催化剂优选用于生产可再生化学品，特别是酮化合物。我们解释了使用酸性和碱性催化剂进行纤维素热解的机理。催化剂上的强酸位促进了对热解油中芳族化合物的高选择性，而碱性活性位诱导了双键迁移，增加了碳偶联反应和酮的产生。