Disorientation is one of the most important hazards in flights, but there is a need for a deeper analysis of its effect on the psychophysiological response of pilots. This study aimed to analyse the effect of disorientation training in cortical arousal, autonomic modulation, muscle strength, and perception. We analysed 39 male pilots of the Spanish Army and Air Force (27 Helicopter Pilots, 7 Transport Pilots and 5 F-18 Fighter Pilots) before and after disorientation training. Disorientation training produced an increase in perceived stress and effort in Helicopter Pilots (HP) and Transport Pilots (TP), and lower Heart Rate Variability (RMSSD) in all pilots. Rating of Perceived Exertion (RPE) and Handgrip Strength were more negatively affected among HP than in TP. RPE was more negatively affected in HP than among Fighter Pilots (FP). Forced Vital Capacity (FVC) and Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 s (FEV1) were significantly higher in FP (FVC 5.44 ± .407 l, FEV1 4.57 ± .407 l) than in HP (FVC 4.73 ± .547 l, FEV1 3.79 ± .712 l). Disorientation training affects the psychophysiological response of pilots, and different responses are depending on each job profile. These results could help to improve specific training for better preparation of pilots that face disorientation threats.

迷失方向是飞行中最重要的危险之一，但需要更深入地分析其对飞行员心理生理反应的影响。本研究旨在分析定向障碍训练对皮层唤醒、自主神经调节、肌肉力量和知觉的影响。我们分析了西班牙陆军和空军的 39 名男性飞行员（27 名直升机飞行员、7 名运输飞行员和 5 名 F-18 战斗机飞行员）在迷失方向训练前后。定向障碍训练增加了直升机飞行员 (HP) 和运输飞行员 (TP) 的感知压力和努力程度，并降低了所有飞行员的心率变异性 (RMSSD)。与 TP 相比，HP 对感知用力 (RPE) 和握力等级的负面影响更大。与战斗机飞行员 (FP) 相比，HP 中的 RPE 受到的负面影响更大。FP (FVC 5.44 ± .407 l, FEV1 4.57 ± .407 l) 中的用力肺活量 (FVC) 和 1 秒内用力呼气量 (FEV1) 显着高于 HP (FVC 4.73 ± .547 l, FEV1 3.79 ± .712 升）。迷失训练会影响飞行员的心理生理反应，不同的反应取决于每个工作岗位。这些结果可能有助于改进特定培训，以便更好地为面临迷失方向威胁的飞行员做好准备。