Sulfate-reducing bioreactors, also called biochemical reactors, represent a promising option for passive treatment of mining-influenced water (MIW) based on similar technology to aerobic/anaerobic-constructed wetlands and vertical-flow wetlands. MIW from each mine site has a variety of site-specific properties related to its treatment; therefore, design factors, including the organic substrates and inorganic materials packed into the bioreactor, must be tested and evaluated before installation of full-scale sulfate-reducing bioreactors. Several full-scale sulfate-reducing bioreactors operating at mine sites provide examples, but holistic understanding of the complex treatment processes occurring inside the bioreactors is lacking. With the recent introduction of high-throughput DNA sequencing technologies, microbial processes within bioreactors may be clarified based on the relationships between operational parameters and key microorganisms identified using high-resolution microbiome data. In this review, the test design procedures and precedents of full-scale bioreactor application for MIW treatment are briefly summarized, and recent knowledge on the sulfate-reducing microbial communities of field-based bioreactors from fine-scale monitoring is presented.Key points

• Sulfate-reducing bioreactors are promising for treatment of mining-influenced water.

• Various design factors should be tested for application of full-scale bioreactors.

• Introduction of several full-scale passive bioreactor systems at mine sites.

• Desulfosporosinus spp. can be one of the key bacteria within field-based bioreactors.

减少硫酸盐的生物反应器，也称为生化反应器，是基于有氧/厌氧构造的湿地和垂直流湿地的类似技术，对矿山影响水（MIW）进行被动处理的一种有前途的选择。每个矿场的MIW具有与其处理相关的各种特定场所的属性；因此，在安装全尺寸硫酸盐还原生物反应器之前，必须测试和评估设计因素，包括装入生物反应器的有机底物和无机材料。在矿场运行的几种大型硫酸盐还原生物反应器提供了示例，但缺乏对生物反应器内部发生的复杂处理过程的全面了解。随着高通量DNA测序技术的最新推出，可根据操作参数与使用高分辨率微生物组数据鉴定出的关键微生物之间的关系来阐明生物反应器内的微生物过程。在这篇综述中，简要总结了用于MIW处理的大规模生物反应器的测试设计程序和先例，并提供了来自精细监测的现场生物反应器的硫酸盐还原微生物群落的最新知识。

•硫酸盐还原生物反应器有望用于处理受采矿影响的水。

•对于全尺寸生物反应器的应用，应测试各种设计因素。

•在矿区引进了几种全尺寸的被动生物反应器系统。

•Desulfosporosinus spp。可能是野外生物反应器中的关键细菌之一。