Finite-amplitude supernonlinear electron-acoustic waves (EAWs) are investigated under the nonlinear Schrödinger (NLS) equation in a plasma system that is composed of cold electron fluid, immobile ions and q -nonextensive hot electrons. Using the wave transfiguration, the NLS equation is deduced in a dynamical system. The presence of finite-amplitude nonlinear and supernonlinear EAWs is shown by phase plane analysis. The effects of the nonextensive parameter ( q ) and the speed of waves ( v ) on different traveling wave solutions of EAWs are presented. Furthermore, by introducing a small external periodic force in the dynamical system, multistability behaviors of EAWs under the NLS equation are shown for the first time in classical plasmas.

中文翻译：

---

非线性薛定ding方程框架内的电声超非线性波及其多重稳定性

在由冷电子流体，固定离子和q-不扩散热电子组成的等离子体系统中，在非线性Schrödinger（NLS）方程下研究了有限振幅超非线性电子声波（EAW）。使用波动变形，可以在动力学系统中推导NLS方程。通过相平面分析显示了有限幅度非线性和超非线性EAW的存在。给出了非扩展参数（q）和波速（v）对EAW的不同行波解的影响。此外，通过在动力学系统中引入较小的外部周期性力，首次在经典等离子体中显示了在NLS方程下EAW的多稳定性行为。