For numerical simulations of ship hydrodynamics in high Reynolds number, near-wall grids with high quality are essential to accurately predict the flow field and shear stress. This article proposes a discrete-forcing immersed boundary method to simulate moving solid boundaries in turbulent flows. The technique will efficiently remove the requirement of high-quality body-conforming grids and also preserve the grid quality throughout the simulation when body motions are considered. The one-equation Spalart–Allmaras turbulence model is coupled with the immersed boundary method for turbulence closure. A key aspect of this method is to use a wall function to alleviate the near-wall cell-size requirement in high-Reynolds-number flows. In this method, the boundary conditions on the immersed surfaces are enforced without the need of spreading functions, which is favorable for high-Reynolds-number flows. The performance of the method is carefully verified and validated through various problems, including both laminar and turbulent flows for fixed and moving solid surfaces. Subsequently, this method is further examined by predicting the turbulent flows around a model-scaled double-body KVLCC2 tanker. The total resistance and the local wake field are compared with experimental data.

中文翻译：

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一种用于湍流模拟的离散强迫浸入边界方法

对于高雷诺数下船舶流体动力学的数值模拟，高质量的近壁网格对于准确预测流场和剪应力至关重要。本文提出了一种离散强迫浸入边界方法来模拟湍流中的移动固体边界。该技术将有效地消除对高质量符合身体的网格的要求，并在考虑身体运动时在整个模拟过程中保持网格质量。单方程 Spalart-Allmaras 湍流模型与用于湍流闭合的浸入边界方法相结合。这种方法的一个关键方面是使用壁函数来减轻高雷诺数流中的近壁单元尺寸要求。在这种方法中，浸没表面上的边界条件被强制执行，而无需传播函数，这有利于高雷诺数流动。该方法的性能经过各种问题的仔细验证和验证，包括固定和移动固体表面的层流和湍流。随后，通过预测模型缩放的双体 KVLCC2 油轮周围的湍流，进一步检验了该方法。总阻力和局部尾流场与实验数据进行了比较。